Table 3.

Associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with low total testosterone (<10.41 nmoI/L) in men^*

	Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI)
	Model 1†	Model 2‡	Model 3‖
25(OH)D, per 10 ng/ml lower	1.19 (1.08, 1.32)	1.11 (0.99, 1.23)	1.08 (0.96, 1.20)
25(OH)D categories
25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml	Reference (1)	Reference (1)	Reference (1)
25(OH)D 20–<30 ng/ml	1.12 (0.88, 1.43)	1.02 (0.79, 1.30)	0.96 (0.75, 1.24)
25(OH)D <20 ng/ml	1.46 (1.13, 1.89)	1.23 (0.94, 1.60)	1.18 (0.90, 1.55)

^*Results presented as Odds Ratios (95% CI) from logistic regression. Statistically significant results are bolded. To convert 25(OH)D levels to nmol/L from ng/ml, multiply by 2.496.

^†Model 1: age, race/ethnicity, study site

^‡Model 2: Model 1 plus additional potential confounding lifestyle variables (BMI categories, smoking, education, self-reported good health status, intentional physical activity)

^‖Model 3: Model 2 plus potential vascular risk factor mediators (diabetes, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, eGFR categories, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, use of lipid lowering medication usage, C-reactive protein.)