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. 2016 Nov 21;38(1):51–63. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw112

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

GTN inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in BMDMs. (A) Chemical structure of racemic goniothalamin. (B) Viability of BMDMs after treatment with vehicle (V, DMSO 0.2%) or GTN (5, 10, 20 or 40 μM) for 24 h measured by MTT assay. ns: not significant. (C) Gene expression profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS (100 ng/ml, 4 h) stimulated BMDMs pre-treated or not with GTN (10 and 20 μM, 3 h). Results are expressed as relative mRNA levels, normalized to the expression of housekeeping gene L32 and then to the negative control group. C−: negative control, C+: positive control. (D) Protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS (100 ng/ml, 4 h) stimulated BMDMs pre-treated or not with GTN (20 μM, 3 h). The supernatant was collected, centrifuged and protein levels were analyzed by ELISA. Results are expressed as pg of protein/ml of supernatant. C−: negative control, C+: positive control. Mean ± standard error, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001. ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *Statistical difference compared to positive control cells (C+).