Figure 5.

Initial short term GTN treatment effectively prevents tumor development in AOM/DSS induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis. (A) Scheme of AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis. AOM (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected in the animals on day 0 and DSS (2.5%) was giving in drinking water for three cycles, starting on day 5. Each cycle corresponds to 5 days receiving DSS followed by 14 days receiving regular water. Experiments were conducted until day 100. Treatments with GTN (100 mg/kg, gavage, three times/week) started on day 5 until day 24. (B) Multiplicity, load (sum of all tumors diameters in mm, per group) and size of tumors per group at the end of the experiment. (C) ELISA was used to determine protein concentration of secreted cytokines from tumors cultured for 24 h, normalized to mg of tissue. Mean ± standard error, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001. ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *Statistical difference compared to control animals (induced with AOM/DSS, treated with vehicle).