Table 6.
Results of DTR-QOL questionnaire
| Domain | Questions | Score | n | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | |||||
| D1: burden on social activities and daily activities | Q1 | My current diabetes treatment interferes with my work and activities | 4.9 ± 2.0 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 204 | <0.001 |
| Q2 | My current diabetes treatment limits the scope of my activities | 5.1 ± 2.0 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 203 | <0.001 | |
| Q3 | It is difficult to find places on time for my current diabetes treatment | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 203 | 0.001 | |
| Q4 | My current diabetes treatment interferes with group activities and personal friendships | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 204 | 0.007 | |
| Q5 | It is a burden getting up at a certain time every morning for my current diabetes treatment | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 204 | 0.151 | |
| Q6 | With my current diabetes treatment, the restricted meal times are a burden | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 204 | <0.001 | |
| Q7 | When I eat out, it is difficult to manage my current diabetes treatment | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 203 | <0.001 | |
| Q8 | I feel like my current diabetes treatment takes away the enjoyment of eating | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 204 | <0.001 | |
| Q9 | With my current diabetes treatment, it is hard to curb my appetite | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 204 | <0.001 | |
| Q10 | The time and effort to manage my current diabetes treatment are a burden | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.7 | 204 | 0.018 | |
| Q11 | I am constantly concerned about time to manage my current diabetes treatment | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 204 | 0.002 | |
| Q12 | Pain due to my current diabetes treatment is uncomfortable | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 204 | <0.001 | |
| Q13 | Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, passing gas, diarrhea, abdominal pain) due to my current diabetes treatment are uncomfortable | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 204 | 0.001 | |
| D2: anxiety and dissatisfaction with treatment | Q14 | I am bothered by weight gain with my current diabetes treatment | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 200 | <0.001 |
| Q19 | I have uncomfortable symptoms due to hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 200 | 0.012 | |
| Q20 | I am worried about high blood glucose | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 199 | <0.001 | |
| Q21 | I am dissatisfied that my blood glucose is unstable (high and low) | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 201 | <0.001 | |
| Q22 | I am worried that complications might get worse with my current diabetes treatment | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 2.0 | 201 | <0.001 | |
| Q23 | I get anxious thinking about living while on my current diabetes treatment | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 201 | 0.001 | |
| Q24 | I find it unbearable to think that even if I continue my current diabetes treatment, my diabetes may not be cured | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 203 | <0.001 | |
| Q25 | I am concerned that if I continue my current diabetes treatment, the efficacy may diminish | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 203 | 0.822 | |
| D3: hypoglycemia | Q15 | I worry about low blood glucose due to my current diabetes treatment | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 201 | 0.100 |
| Q16 | I am scared because of low blood glucose | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 200 | <0.001 | |
| Q17 | I am sometimes bothered by low blood glucose | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 200 | 0.001 | |
| Q18 | Symptoms due to low blood glucose are uncomfortable | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 199 | 0.002 | |
| D4: satisfaction with treatment | Q26 | Overall, I am satisfied with my current blood sugar control | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 202 | <0.001 |
| Q27 | With my current diabetes treatment, I am confident that I can maintain good blood glucose control | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 202 | <0.001 | |
| Q28 | I am hopeful about the future with my current diabetes treatment | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 204 | 0.001 | |
| Q29 | With regards to diabetes treatment, I am satisfied with current treatment methods | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 204 | <0.001 | |
Scores are shown as the mean ± SD
“7” represents the highest QOL score of each item
p values are the results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test