Table 1.

Patient characteristics

Characteristics	Healthy volunteers (n = 8)	Sepsis-AKI (n = 79)	Sepsis-non-AKI (n = 60)	p-value
Mean age, yr (SD)	43.1 (10.2)	63.3 (13.3)	51.5 (18.5)	<0.0001
Men (%)	3 (37.5)	52 (65.8)	28 (46.7)	0.04
Baseline Scr (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.3	0.10
All-time point Scr (mg/dL)
Median (P25-P75)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	3.2 (1.7-4.3)	1.0 (0.8-1.3)	<0.0001
All-time point MDRD Scr-eGFR
(mL/min/1.73 m2)	109.3	33.5	64.8	<0.0001
Median (P25-P75)	(92.1-128.3)	(19.8-42.2)	(48.2-70.2)
APACHE II score (SD)	-	22 (1.9)	18 (6.4)	<0.0001
Principle comorbidities (%)
Hypertension	-	26 (32.9)	22 (36.7)	0.77
Cardiovascular disease	-	10 (12.7)	6 (10.0)	0.82
COPD	-	7 (8.9)	1 (1.7)	0.15
No known underlying disease	-	26 (32.9)	18 (30.0)	0.86
Causes of sepsis
Pneumonia	-	36 (45.6)	22 (36.7)	0.38
Urinary tract infection	-	28 (35.4)	17 (28.3)	0.48
Intra-abdominal infection	-	7 (8.9)	12 (20.0)	0.10
Soft tissue infection	-	0 (0)	7 (11.7)	0.006
Tropical infection	-	8 (10.1)	2 (3.3)	0.23
Outcomes
Severe sepsis (%)	-	43 (54.4)	18 (30.0)	0.007
Intensive care unit admission (%)	-	31 (39.2)	13 (21.7)	0.04
In-hospital length of stay, days (SD)	-	63 (15.6)	30 (11.9)	<0.0001
Dialysis (%)	-	25 (31.6)	0 (0)	<0.0001
Mortality (%)	-	9 (11.4)	4 (6.7)	0.52
AKI severity (%)
AKIN 1	-	38 (48.1)	0	<0.0001
AKIN 2	-	30 (38.0)	0	<0.0001
AKIN 3	-	28 (35.4)	0	<0.0001

AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MDRD Scr-eGFR, GFR estimated from Scr using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; P25-P75, 25^th percentile to 75^th percentile; Scr, serum creatinine