Table 5.

Summary of the studies in urine and plasma biomarkers for sepsis-related acute kidney injury

Authors (year)	Biomarkers	AUROC	95% CI	Timing of measurement	Threshold values	Sensitivity	Specificity
Urine
Martensson et al. (2010) [12]	NGALa (ng/mg creatinine)	0.86	0.68-1.0	12 h following septic shock	>68	0.71	1.0
Su et al. (2011) [40]	sTREM-1a (pg/mL)	0.92	0.85-0.99	48 h before AKI diagnosisc	69.04	0.94	0.76
Aydogdu et al. (2013) [41]	Cys-Ca (mg/L)	0.86	-	Within 8 days after admission	0.106	0.85	0.80
	NGALa (ng/mL)	0.80	-		29.5	0.88	0.73
Fan et al. (2014) [30]	NGALa (ng/mL)	0.86	0.81-0.93	7 days after onset of sepsis	402	0.89	0.74
Matsa et al. (2014) [42]	NGALa (ng/mL)	0.78	-	24 h after admission	350	0.75	0.82
Terzi et al. (2014) [43]	α1ma (mg/L)	0.74	-	24 h before AKI onset	47.9	0.88	0.62
Dai et al. (2015) [44]	Cys-Ca (mg/L)	0.74	0.64-0.84	24 h before AKI onset	N/A	N/A	N/A
	NGALa (ng/mL)	0.88	0.79-0.95		N/A	N/A	N/A
	sTREM-1a (pg/mL)	0.78	0.69-0.87		N/A	N/A	N/A
The present study	ATF3b (ng/mL)	0.84	0.77-0.91	24 h before AKI onset	12	0.93	0.85
	NGALb (ng/mL)	0.64	0.54-0.74		150	0.98	0.44
Plasma
Martensson et al. (2010) [12]	NGAL (ng/mL)	0.67	0.39-0.94	12 h following septic shock	>120	0.83	0.50
Aydogdu et al. (2013) [41]	Cys-C (mg/L)	0.82	-	Within 8 days of admission	1.5	0.73	0.68
	NGAL (ng/mL)	0.44	-		N/A	N/A	N/A
Matsa et al. (2014) [42]	NGAL (ng/mL)	0.88	-	24 h after admission	400	0.79	0.75
Nakamura et al. (2014) [45]	Presepsin (pg/mL)	0.70	-	Within 24 h of admission	670	0.70	0.81
Nakamura et al. (2015) [46]	Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	0.88	-	Within 24 h of admission	0.42	0.95	0.65
Dai et al. (2015) [44]	Cys-C (mg/L)	0.74	0.63-0.84	24 h before AKI onset	N/A	N/A	N/A
	NGAL (ng/mL)	0.83	0.74-0.92		N/A	N/A	N/A
	sTREM-1 (pg/mL)	0.75	0.65-0.85		N/A	N/A	N/A

α1m, alpha-1-microglobulin; AKI, acute kidney injury; ATF3, activating transcriptional factor 3; AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; Cys-C, cystatin-C; N/A, data not available; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1

^adetection from urinary soluble fraction part

^bdetection from urinary exosomal part

^cno data were available 24 h before AKI onset