Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with cirrhosis (N = 11,121)
| Characteristics | Median (interquartile range) or frequency |
|---|---|
| Na (mmol/L) | 138.4 (135.0–140.0) |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 66.3 (54.5–81.9) |
| PT-INR | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
| Total bilirubin (umol/L) | 27.2 (17.1–59.3) |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 34.7 (29.4–40.0) |
| CTP scorea | 5.0 (5.0–6.0) |
| MELD score | 8.0 (7.0–11.0) |
| MELDNa score | 10.0 (8.0–14.0) |
| 5vMELD score | 13.0 (9.0–18.0) |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 1 (0–2) |
| LOS (day) | 13 (5–26) |
| Age (year) | |
| 18–44 | 2576 (23.2%) |
| 45–64 | 6785 (61.0%) |
| ≥ 65 | 1761 (15.8%) |
| Male | 7773 (69.9%) |
| Urgent admission | 1219 (11.0%) |
| Na < 135 mmol/L | 2764 (24.9%) |
| Creatinine > 88.4 umol/L | 2190 (19.7%) |
| PT-INR | |
| < 1.7 (normal range) | 10071 (90.6%) |
| 1.7–2.2 | 724 (6.5%) |
| > 2.2 | 327 (2.9%) |
| Total bilirubin (umol/L) | |
| < 34.2 (normal range) | 6564 (59.0%) |
| 34.2–51.3 | 1328 (11.9%) |
| > 51.3 | 3230 (29.0%) |
| Albumin (g/dl) | |
| > 3.5 (normal range) | 5370 (48.3%) |
| 2.8–3.5 | 3660 (32.9%) |
| < 2.8 | 2092 (18.8%) |
| Hepatic encephalopathyb | |
| Grade I-II | 455 (4.1%) |
| Grade III-IV (or refractory) | 109 (1.0%) |
| Severity unknown | 1505 (13.5%) |
| Ascitesb | |
| Mild | 522 (4.7%) |
| Moderate to sever | 103 (0.9%) |
| Severity unknown | 5853 (52.6%) |
| CTP classificationb | |
| A (CTP score 5–6) | 3952 (35.5%) |
| B (CTP score 7–9) | 1002 (9.0%) |
| C (CTP score 10–15) | 80 (0.7%) |
| Number of abnormal CTP variables | |
| 0 | 2803 (25.2%) |
| 1 | 2255 (20.3%) |
| 2 | 2390 (21.5%) |
| ≥ 3 | 3674 (33.0%) |
| Number of Charlson comorbidities | |
| 0 | 3580 (32.2%) |
| 1 | 4564 (41.0%) |
| 2 | 2212 (19.9%) |
| ≥ 3 | 766 (6.9%) |
| Number of Elixhauser comorbidities | |
| 0 | 2595 (23.3%) |
| 1 | 3239 (29.1%) |
| 2 | 2355 (21.2%) |
| ≥ 3 | 2933 (26.4%) |
| Charlson comorbidities | |
| Myocardial infarction | 62 (0.6%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 371 (3.3%) |
| Dementia | 6 (0.1%) |
| Renal disease | 1228 (11.0%) |
| Any malignancyc | 645 (5.8%) |
| Charlson and Elixhauser shared comorbidities | |
| Congestive heart failure | 25 (0.2%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 7 (0.1%) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 191 (1.7%) |
| Rheumatologic disease | 62 (0.6%) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1234 (11.1%) |
| Diabetes complicated | 130 (1.2%) |
| Diabetes uncomplicated | 3957 (35.6%) |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 8 (0.1%) |
| Metastatic solid tumorc | 275 (2.5%) |
| AIDS | 40 (0.4%) |
| Elixhauser comorbiditiesd | |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 447 (4.0%) |
| Valvular disease | 30 (0.3%) |
| Hypertension uncomplicated | 2008 (18.1%) |
| Hypertension complicated | 1156 (10.4%) |
| Hypothyroidism | 95 (0.9%) |
| Lymphoma | 20 (0.2%) |
| Solid tumor without metastasisc | 178 (1.6%) |
| Coagulopathy | 5 (0.04%) |
| Blood loss anemia | 335 (3.0%) |
| Deficiency anemia | 959 (8.6%) |
| Depression | 41 (0.4%) |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 1707 (15.4%) |
| Alcohol abuse | 2780 (25.0%) |
| Psychoses | 19 (0.2%) |
| Renal failure | 236 (2.1%) |
IQR interquartile range, Na serum sodium, PT-INR international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, LOS length of stay in hospital, CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, MELDNa MELD sodium, 5vMELD five variable MELD, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
aCTP score was not available for patients with unknown severity of HE or ascites
bThe sum of proportion of the categories is less than 100% because there were missing values on acsites and hepatic encephalopathy
cExcluded primary liver cancer
dThe obesity, weight loss, pulmonary circulatory disorders, other neurological disorders and drug abuse were excluded due to 0% prevalence