Table 3.

Crude in-hospital mortality by study variables (N = 11,121)

Variables		Mortality % (n)	P-value1
Age (year)	18–44	4.9 (125)	<0.0001
	45–64	8.0 (543)
	≥65	14.3 (252)
Sex	male	9.1 (704)	<0.0001
	female	6.5 (216)
Admission status	non-urgent	6.3 (627)	<0.0001
	urgent	24.0 (293)
Hepatic encephalopathy	no	4.0 (360)	<0.0001
	yes	27.1 (560)
Ascites	no	1.8 (85)	<0.0001
	yes	12.9 (835)
PT-INR	<1.7	6.2 (628)	<0.0001
	1.7–2.3	23.2 (168)
	>2.3	37.9 (124)
Total bilirubin (umol/L)	<34.2	4.1 (271)	<0.0001
	34.2–51.3	7.1 (94)
	>51.3	17.2 (555)
Albumin (g/dl)	>35	3.2 (170)	<0.0001
	28–35	10.0 (367)
	<28	18.3 (383)
Creatinine (umol/L)	≤88.4	5.0 (445)	<0.0001
	>88.4	21.7 (475)
Na	≥135	4.4 (364)	<0.0001
	<135	20.1 (556)
MELD score	<7.0	1.9 (54)	<0.0001
	7.0–8.0	3.6 (100)
	8.0–10.0	7.0 (195)
	>10.0	20.5 (571)
MELDNa score	<8.0	0.7 (19)	<0.0001
	8.0–10.0	2.7 (74)
	10.0–14.0	6.6 (184)
	>14.0	23.1 (643)
5vMELD score	<9.0	0.5 (15)	<0.0001
	9.0–13.0	2.3 (65)
	13.0–18.0	8.0 (223)
	>18.0	22.2 (617)
CTP classification	A (CTP score 5–6)	0.9 (34)	<0.0001
	B (CTP score 7–9)	3.2 (32)
	C (CTP score 10–15)	11.3 (9)
Number of abnormal CTP variables	0	0.5 (13)	<0.0001
	1	2.3 (52)
	2	6.2 (147)
	≥3	19.3 (708)
Myocardial infarction	no	8.2 (902)	<0.0001
	yes	29.0 (18)
Cerebrovascular disease	no	7.9 (846)	<0.0001
	yes	20.0 (74)
Renal disease	no	5.9 (586)	<0.0001
	yes	27.2 (334)
Any malignancya	no	8.0 (841)	<0.0001
	yes	12.2 (79)
Congestive heart failure	no	8.3 (10)	<0.0001
	yes	40.0 (10)
Chronic pulmonary disease	no	8.1 (888)	<0.0001
	yes	16.8 (32)
Rheumatologic disease	no	8.3 (913)	0.39
	yes	11.3 (7)
Peptic ulcer disease	no	8.1 (801)	0.06
	yes	9.6 (119)
Diabetes complicated	no	8.3 (907)	0.47
	yes	10.0 (13)
Diabetes uncomplicated	no	5.2 (374)	<0.0001
	yes	13.8 (546)
Hemiplegia or paraplegia	no	8.3 (919)	0.66
	yes	12.5 (1)
Metastatic solid tumor	no	7.8 (844)	<0.0001
	yes	27.6 (76)
Cardiac arrhythmias	no	7.9 (840)	<0.0001
	yes	17.9 (80)
Valvular disease	no	8.3 (916)	0.31
	yes	13.3 (4)
Hypertension uncomplicated	no	7.8 (708)	<0.0001
	yes	10.6 (212)
Hypertension complicated	no	7.9 (784)	<0.0001
	yes	11.8 (136)
Hypothyroidism	no	8.3 (911)	0.67
	yes	9.5 (9)
Lymphoma	no	8.3 (918)	0.78
	yes	10.0 (2)
Solid tumor without metastasisa	no	8.1 (886)	0.31
	yes	19.2 (34)
Coagulopathy	no	8.3 (918)	0.01
	yes	40.0 (2)
Blood loss anemia	no	7.6 (818)	<0.0001
	yes	30.5 (102)
Deficiency anemia	no	7.4 (755)	<0.0001
	yes	17.2 (165)
Depression	no	8.2 (913)	<0.0001
	yes	17.1 (7)
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	no	5.5 (519)	<0.0001
	yes	23.5 (401)
Psychoses	no	8.3 (918)	0.72
	yes	10.5 (2)
Renal failure	no	7.4 (803)	<0.0001
	yes	49.6 (117)
AIDS	no	8.3 (920)	0.06
	yes	0.0 (0)
Peripheral vascular disease	no	8.3 (920)	0.43
	yes	0.0 (0)
Alcohol abuse	no	7.49 (625)	<0.0001
	yes	10.62 (295)
Number of Charlson comorbidities	0	2.6 (92)	<0.0001
	1	6.0 (272)
	2	14.2 (315)
	≥3	31.5 (241)
Charlson comorbidity score categorized	0	2.6 (92)	<0.0001
	1–2	6.2 (310)
	3–4	16.75 (325)
	≥5	30.4 (193)
Number of Elixhauser comorbidities	0	2.1 (54)	<0.0001
	1	3.9 (126)
	2	7.4 (175)
	≥3	19.3 (565)

IQR interquartile range, Na serum sodium, PT-INR International normalized ratio of prothrombin time, CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, MELDNa MELD sodium, 5vMELD five variable MELD, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

¹ P-value of Chi-square exact test is for each contingency table (mortality by each predictor)

^aExcluded primary liver cancer