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. 2004 Oct 5;101(Suppl 2):14646–14652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404896101

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

DNA fusion gene vaccines to enhance and direct immune responses. DNA vaccines contain CpG sequences within the bacterial DNA backbone able to activate innate immunity in different species. Specific tumor antigen expression is driven by a viral promoter, leading to adaptive immunity. To enhance and direct immune pathways, genes encoding a range of modulating molecules can be fused to the 3′ end of the antigen-encoding sequence to generate activating fusion proteins.