Table 1. Characteristics of patients according to the presence of DKA at diagnosis.

Characteristics	With DKA (n = 177)	Without DKA (n = 184)	P value
Male	78 (44.1)	89 (48.4)	0.460
Age, yr	8.80 ± 4.30	8.80 ± 3.70	0.911
< 3	25 (14.1)	12 (6.5)
3–12	100 (56.5)	133 (72.3)
≥ 12	52 (29.4)	39 (21.2)
Puberty	62 (37.1)	57 (32.8)	0.398
Height SDS	0.56 ± 1.27	0.41 ± 1.10	0.229
Weight SDS
At diagnosis	−0.49 ± 1.21	−0.44 ± 1.12	0.140
After stabilization	0.28 ± 1.03	0.12 ± 0.88	0.697
Change	−0.77 ± 0.66	−0.61 ± 0.48	0.015
BMI SDS
At diagnosis	−0.98 ± 1.52	−0.78 ± 1.36	0.212
After stabilization	0.11 ± 1.07	0.05 ± 1.07	0.586
Change	0.93 ± 0.08	0.68 ± 0.06	0.014
Delayed diagnosis	77 (44.5)	51 (28.5)	0.002
Family history of diabetes	69 (41.6)	68 (37.8)	0.510
Health insurance/co-payment/medical aid	142/4/7 (92.8/2.6/4.6)	164/6/2 (95.3/3.5/1.2)	0.353
High parental education	64 (58.2)	73 (63.5)	0.495
Preceding infection	34 (19.8)	13 (7.2)	0.001
Serum C-peptide, ng/mL	0.44 ± 0.40	0.73 ± 0.70	< 0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	537.20 ± 249.80	453.30 ± 176.30	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	12.60 ± 1.90	12.10 ± 2.40	0.071

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, SDS = standard deviation score, BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin.