Table 3. Characteristics of the patients with DKA according to severity of DKA.
| Variables | Mild (n = 67, 41.1) | Moderate (n = 52, 31.9) | Severe (n = 44, 27.0) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 27 (40.3) | 28 (53.8) | 18 (40.9) | 0.281 |
| Age, yr | 8.81 ± 4.24 | 8.72 ± 4.37 | 9.24 ± 4.17 | 0.827 |
| < 3 | 8 (11.9) | 6 (11.5) | 5 (11.4) | |
| 3–12 | 40 (59.7) | 31 (59.6) | 24 (54.5) | |
| ≥ 12 | 19 (28.4) | 15 (28.8) | 15 (34.1) | |
| Height SDS | 0.54 ± 1.06 | 0.59 ± 1.52 | 0.62 ± 1.36 | 0.948 |
| Weight SDS | ||||
| At diagnosis | −0.46 ± 1.26 | −0.52 ± 1.25 | −0.57 ± 1.16 | 0.914 |
| After stabilization | 0.29 ± 1.01 | 0.38 ± 1.18 | 0.17 ± 0.84 | 0.632 |
| Change | 0.74 ± 0.46 | 0.90 ± 0.81 | 0.71 ± 0.75 | 0.358 |
| BMI SDS | ||||
| At diagnosis | −0.94 ± 1.51 | 0.19 ± 0.99 | 1.10 ± 0.72 | 0.293 |
| After stabilization | −1.05 ± 1.68 | 1.13 ± 0.17 | 1.27 ± 1.10 | 0.852 |
| Change | −1.11 ± 1.44 | 1.04 ± 0.18 | 1.01 ± 1.05 | 0.448 |
| Puberty | 25 (38.5) | 19 (37.3) | 15 (38.5) | 0.989 |
| Delayed diagnosis | 31 (47.0) | 24 (47.1) | 19 (44.2) | 0.951 |
| Family history of diabetes | 28 (43.1) | 19 (39.6) | 18 (43.9) | 0.903 |
| Co-payment/medical aid (vs. insurance) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (7.0) | 5 (15.2) | 0.037 |
| High parental education | 28 (68.3) | 19 (59.4) | 11 (37.9) | 0.014 |
| Preceding infection | 8 (12.1) | 9 (17.6) | 14 (32.6) | 0.010 |
| Serum C-peptide, ng/mL | 0.54 ± 0.53 | 0.38 ± 0.26 | 0.35 ± 0.23 | 0.024 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 464.80 ± 186.30 | 583.60 ± 338.40 | 591.10 ± 200.30 | 0.010 |
| HbA1c, % | 12.70 ± 1.70 | 12.50 ± 2.00 | 12.60 ± 1.90 | 0.923 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, SDS = standard deviation score, BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin.