Table 4. Risk factors for severe DKA (vs. mild to moderate DKA).
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age group, yr | ||||
| < 3 (vs. 3–12) | 1.06 (0.34–3.24) | 0.944 | - | - |
| ≥ 12 (vs. 3–12) | 1.31 (0.61–2.80) | 0.496 | - | - |
| Puberty (vs. prepuberty) | 1.02 (0.49–2.16) | 0.953 | - | - |
| Preceding infection | 2.84 (1.25–6.44) | 0.013 | 3.94 (1.32–11.77) | 0.013 |
| Delayed diagnosis | 0.89 (0.44–1.80) | 0.751 | - | - |
| Family history of diabetes | 1.09 (0.53–2.26) | 0.798 | - | - |
| Co-payment/medical aid (vs. insurance) | 4.55 (1.15–18.09) | 0.031 | 1.63 (0.14–19.72) | 0.701 |
| Low parental education | 2.96 (1.22–7.20) | 0.017 | 2.80 (0.98–8.01) | 0.047 |
| Serum C-peptide | 0.34 (0.10–1.16) | 0.085 | - | - |
| Glucose | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.119 | - | - |
| HbA1c | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.940 | - | - |
DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin.