Table 1.
Demographic variables, screening and descriptive measures for the two intervention groups.
| Associative memory training group (n = 19) M (SD) | Active control group (n = 20) M (SD) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | |||
| Age | 69.46 (2.65) | 68.14 (2.47) | 0.51 |
| Years of education | 14.71 (2.57) | 14.80 (2.22) | −0.04 |
| Gender (n male/n female) | 12/7 | 10/10 | |
| Screening measures | |||
| MMSE | 29.63 (0.60) | 29.50 (0.61) | 0.22 |
| DSST | 47.47 (8.66) | 46.85 (7.40) | 0.08 |
| CES-D | 5.21 (2.10) | 4.55 (4.51) | 0.19 |
| Descriptive measures | |||
| Spot a word (crystallized intelligence) | 27.37 (3.86) | 27.81 (3.00) | −0.13 |
| CVLT (correct immediate free recall total) | 13.66 (1.32) | 13.12 (1.47) | 0.39 |
| d2 (selective attention) | 129.78 (21.71) | 133.26 (24.17) | −0.15 |
| Digit sorting | 8.17 (2.79) | 6.65 (2.16) | 0.61 |
| (working memory) |
Note. CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; d2, d2 Test of Attention (Brickenkamp, 2002); DSS, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.