Table 5.
Average raw scores (Means (M) and Standard deviations (SD)) for each of the task for the four outcome abilities before and after training.
| Associative memory training group | Active control group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain | Task | Pre training M (SD) | Post training M (SD) | Pre training M (SD) | Post training M (SD) |
| Associative memory | CW | 0.06 (0.12) | 0.05 (0.13) | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.1 (0.14) |
| GM | 0.19 (0.14) | 0.21 (0.16) | 0.14 (0.12) | 0.16 (0.11) | |
| LC | 0.06 (0.1) | 0.08 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.11) | 0.02 (0.13) | |
| Item memory | CW | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.1) | 0.14 (0.08) |
| GM | 0.22 (0.11) | 0.26 (0.08) | 0.24 (0.06) | 0.26 (0.08) | |
| LC | 0.27 (0.09) | 0.29 (0.09) | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.07) | |
| Reasoning | Deciphering language | 4.51 (1.51) | 4.87 (1.81) | 4.64 (1.58) | 4.53 (1.78) |
| Interference test | 3.34 (2.22) | 3.51 (1.99) | 2.39 (2.19) | 3.34 (1.89) | |
| Diagraming relationships | 5.43 (2.73) | 6.53 (3.46) | 5.09 (2.97) | 6.14 (2.46) | |
| Spatial memory | Orientation memory | 10.32 (4.37) | 13.11 (2.42) | 11.7 (3.21) | 13.35 (2.74) |
| Company logos | 6.21 (2.25) | 7.21 (2.25) | 6.5 (2.61) | 7.1 (3.24) | |
| Remembering path | 12.89 (4.95) | 13.05 (4.55) | 12.75 (3.42) | 12.2 (5.24) | |
Note. CW, Cup-Watches; GM, German-Malay; LC, Lamps-Chairs Item-Associative Memory Tasks. The reasoning tasks are taken from the KIT of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests, the spatial memory tests are taken from the Berlin Intelligence Scale (BIS).