Table 2. The use of ACEIs and the incidence of pancreatic cancer.
| Use of ACEIs | Cases (n=866) | Controls (n=8636) | Crude OR | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Primary analysis | ||||
| Use of antihypertensive drugs other than ACEIs, n (%) | 464 (53.6) | 4708 (54.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Ever use of ACEIs, n (%) | 402 (46.4) | 3928 (45.5) | 1.05 | 1.01 (0.86–1.17) |
|
Cumulative duration of use, n (%) | ||||
| ⩽1 year | 158 (18.2) | 1551 (18.0) | 1.04 | 1.02 (0.84–1.25) |
| 1–3 years | 114 (13.2) | 1148 (13.3) | 1.01 | 0.97 (0.78–1.22) |
| >3 years | 130 (15.0) | 1229 (14.2) | 1.09 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) |
| p-heterogeneity: 0.99 | ||||
|
Number of prescriptions, n (%) | ||||
| ⩽12 | 181 (20.9) | 1824 (21.1) | 1.01 | 0.99 (0.82–1.21) |
| 12–36 | 121 (14.0) | 1215 (14.1) | 1.02 | 0.97 (0.78–1.22) |
| >36 | 100 (11.6) | 889 (10.3) | 1.17 | 1.08 (0.84–1.39) |
| p-heterogeneity: 0.91 | ||||
|
Time since initiation, n (%) | ||||
| ⩽2 years | 81 (9.4) | 788 (9.1) | 1.04 | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) |
| 2–3 years | 65 (7.5) | 669 (7.8) | 0.98 | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) |
| >3 years | 256 (30.0) | 2471 (28.6) | 1.06 | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) |
| p-heterogeneity: 0.98 | ||||
Abbreviations: ACEIs=angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio.
a
Adjusted for excessive alcohol use, smoking status, acute or chronic pancreatitis, previous cancer, metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, insulins, other oral anti-hypoglycaemic agents, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes at baseline. Angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, other antihypertensive drugs, measured between cohort entry and the year immediately before index date.