Table 5. Correlations between inflammatory cytokines and measures of adiposity and muscle characteristics (with and without controlling for age) according to adiposity (normal vs high).

Variable	Cytokine
	Normal adiposity (n=39)							High adiposity (n=39)
	IL-6	IL-1β	IL-1β (age)	IL-8 (age)	TNF-α	MIP-1β	MIP-1β (age)	IL-6	IL-8	IL-8 (age)	MCP-1 (age)	G-CSF	G-CSF (age)	MIP-1β (age)
BMI (kgm-2)						r=0.386; P=0.015
BF%		r=−0.391; P=0.014
FM (kg)		r=−0.417; P=0.008				r=0.332; P=0.039					r=0.507; P=0.010
iMVC (N·m)						r=0.363; P=0.025			r=−0.396; P=0.014
ikMVC (N·m)						r=0.457; P=0.004	r=0.793; P=0.022
Ft (N)						r=0.393; P=0.015			r=−0.412; P=0.010	r=−0.364; P=0.044
GM Ff (N)						r=0.387; P=0.016			r=−0.401; P=0.013
Sp. force (Ncm-2)										r=−0.432; P=0.015		r=0.594; P=0.009	r=0.848; P=0.033
iMVC/Vm (N·mcm-3)					r=0.517; P=0.040					r=−0.456; P=0.010				r=0.901; P=0.014
ikMVC/Vm (N·mcm-3)			r=0.643; P=0.024	r=0.604; P=0.038
iMVC/BM (N·mkg-1)								r=−0.378; P=0.028
ikMVC/BM (N·mkg-1)	r= − 0.367; P=0.042
GM Vm (cm3)						r=0.695; P<0.001	r=0.868; P<0.001
GM PCSA (cm2)						r=0.550; P=0.001	r=0.739; P=0.006

Abbreviations: BF, body fat; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; F_t, maximum Achilles tendon force; G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; GM F_f, maximum gastrocnemius medialis muscle fascicle force; GM V_m, gastrocnemius medialis muscle volume; ikMVC, isokinetic maximum voluntary contraction; IL, interleukin; iMVC, isometric maximum voluntary contraction; L_f, fascicle length; LM, lean mass; PCSA, physiological cross-sectional area; Sp. force, gastrocnemius muscle specific force; VA, voluntary muscle activation; θ_p, fascicle pennation angle.

Inverse correlations are indicated in bold.