Table 1.

Patient demographics.

	All patients (n=18)
Age (years), mean (SD) BMI, mean (SD) Female, n (%)	47.2 (14.2) 29.4 (5.3) 10 (56)
Procedure side, % Left Right Length of hospital stay, mean (days) Patients discharged same day as surgery, n (%) Blood loss, mean cc	55 45 0.3 15 (83) 14.5
Smoking status, % Current/past smoker Never smoked Work status, n/N (%) Not working at time of surgery Working, modified duties Working, full duties Other (no data, unemployed, etc.)	56 44 9/18 (50) 3/18 (17) 0/18 (0) 6/18 (33)
Medical history, n/N (%) Concomitant back disease Neck pain Previous lumbar surgery Lumbar fusion Lumbar discectomy/laminectomy	6/18 (33) 1/18 (6) 4/18 (22) 4/18 (22)