Table 3.
Summary of disability (ODI) scores for all participants.
| Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ODI score, mean (SD) | ||||
| All | 61.0 (14.0) | 39.1 (20.8) | 40.5 (22.0) | 0.009 |
|
Smokers Non-smokers p-value |
63.5 (15.0) 57.9 (12.9) 0.38 |
44.7 (18.5) 32.8 (22.7) 0.26 |
50.8 (18.6) 28.9 (20.7) 0.054 |
0.14 0.02 |
|
BMI <30 >30 p-value |
62.6 (16.5) 57.9 (7.9) 0.40 |
46.0 (19.9) 29.1 (19.2) 0.10 |
41.1 (25.2) 39.7 (18.6) 0.90 |
0.08 0.06 |
1 Student’s t-test: baseline vs. 12 mos ODI: Oswestry disability index SD: standard deviation BMI: body mass index