Fig. 1.

A. Under laboratory conditions mature Coprinopsis cinerea fruiting bodies form from dikaryotic mycelia, allowing mushroom development to be studied. Reproduced from Stajich et al. (2010) © National Academy of Sciences. B. The lifecycle of Coprinopsis cinerea, reprinted from Raudaskoski (2015) with permission from Elsevier. C. Clamp connections are a unique feature of dikaryotic basidiomycetes, and are likely to be involved in maintaining the presence of both nuclei types in each cell during mitosis. D. Fruiting body development of C. cinerea strain AmutBmut. The central bar represents the light and dark phases (12 h each) over a seven day period. Structures were harvested at the beginning of each light phase – outer views and longitudinal sections are shown. Fruiting development for C. cinerea is hemiangiocarpic, in that the developing fruiting body is initially enclosed (angiocarpic), opening before full maturity (gymnocarpic). Reprinted from Kües & Navarro-González (2015) with permission from Elsevier.