Table 3. Indications for the treatment of venous malformations.

Bleeding from below skin to intramuscular or retroperitoneal hematoma, hematuria, rectal bleeding, hematemesis, hemoptysis, or intracerebral or intraspinal bleeding

Lesions are in close proximity to important structures or obstruct inflow and outflow of important structures

Lesions are in life-threatening areas or in areas with high probabilities of complications

Lesions cause excessively adverse hemodynamic effects

Disabling pain

Functional impairment

Excessive cosmetic implications

Recurrent thrombosis