Table 3.
List of molecular markers reported in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.).
| DNA markers | Number of markers | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) | Five | Colosi and Schaal, 1997 |
| Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) | Eight primer pairs which amplified a total of 450 fragments, 339 of which were polymorphic | Karam et al., 2004, 2006 |
| Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) | Seven | Lágler et al., 2005 |
| Eight | Trivedi et al., 2015 | |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers | Six primer pairs for the intron splice junction (ISJ) | Hu et al., 2008 |
| Primers from 5S rDNA repeats | Two types of repeats different in the length of the NTS region | Pak et al., 2012 |
| microRNAs (miRNAs) | 43 potential miRNAs which may regulate 68 target genes | Wu et al., 2012 |
| Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) | 40 | Trivedi et al., 2015 |
| Simple sequence repeat (SSR) | 46 markers from other plant species (21 from rice; 15 from wheat; 9 from oat; 1 from barley) | Hu et al., 2009 |
| 25 markers from proso millet by constructing a SSR-enriched library from genomic DNA | Cho et al., 2010 | |
| 348 markers from switchgrass, of which 254 were highly polymorphic in proso millet | Rajput et al., 2014 | |
| 11 SSR markers developed from foxtail millet | Kumari et al., 2013; Trivedi et al., 2015 | |
| 500 primer pairs developed by high-throughput sequencing; 67 polymorphic SSR primers used in study | Liu et al., 2016 | |
| 35,000 loci discovered through transcriptome characterization | Yue et al., 2016a | |
| Gene-specific primers | Three primer pairs based on sequences of the GBSSI (Waxy) gene reported by Hunt et al., 2010 to distinguish waxy genotypes | Araki et al., 2012 |
| Four Dof domain and 20 Dof genes specific primers; for the coding regions of the Dof (DNA binding with One Finger) transcription factor | Kushwaha et al., 2015 | |
| Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) | 211 ESTs, all derived from drought stress induced leaf tissues | Saha et al., 2016 |
| Differentially expressed genes | 62, 543 unigenes functionally annotated from the de novo assembly and characterization of the proso millet transcriptome | Yue et al., 2016a |
| 32 PmWRKY genes involved in abiotic-stress response | Yue et al., 2016b | |
| Single sequence polymorphism (SNP) | 833 SNP markers used to construct a genetic linkage map and conduct QTL-linkage study | Rajput et al., 2016 |
| 406,000 SNP loci identified in the transcriptome of proso millet | Yue et al., 2016a |