Table 1.
Alpha-particle emitting radionuclides possible to use for TAT against cancer stem cells (CSCs).
| Radionuclide | Energya (keV) | Rangeb (μm) | LETc (keV/μm) | Half-lifed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astatine-211 (211At)e | 7,450 (6,786) | 66 (57) | 71−240 (125) | 7.2 h |
| Bismuth-212 (212Bi)f | 8,785 (7,804) | 86 (71) | 63−240 (120) | 60.6 min |
| Bismuth-213 (213Bi)g | 8,377 (8,325) | 80 (79) | 65−240 (120) | 45.6 min |
| Radium-223 (223Ra)h | 7,386 (6,595) | 65 (54) | 71−240 (125) | 11.4 d |
| Actinium-225 (225Ac)i | 8,377 (6,877) | 80 (58) | 65−240 (120) | 10.0 d |
| Thorium-227 (227Th)j | 7,386 (6,458) | 65 (53) | 71−240 (125) | 18.7 d |
Alpha-particle energy, range and linear energy transfer (LET) in soft tissue, and physical half-life are stated.
aMost abundant alpha-particle energy. Approximate average energy in parenthesis. During the 225Ac decay chain, a 7067 MeV particle is approximately as abundant as the 8377 MeV particle stated.
bRanges in soft tissue (e.g., skeletal muscle and prostate; 1.04 g/cm3) of most abundant-energy (and average-energy) alpha particles. Calculated with James Ziegler’s SRIM-2013 software.
cInterval of most abundant alpha particle, from initial value to Bragg peak. Approximate average LET in parenthesis. Calculated using James Ziegler’s SRIM-2013 software.
dAbbreviations: d, days; h, hours; min, minutes.
eBoth decay routs from 211At to 211Po and 207Bi taken into account.
fBoth decay routs from 212Bi to 212Po and 208Tl taken into account.
gBoth decay routs from 213Bi to 213Po and 209Tl taken into account.
hDecay chain from 223Ra to 211Po and 207Tl taken into account.
iDecay chain from 225Ac to 213Po and 209Tl taken into account.
jDecay chain from 227Th to 213Po and 209Tl taken into account.