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. 2016 Nov 4;6(1):61–72. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.10.008

Figure 2.

Figure 2

GLUT2ΔIECmice display glucose malabsorption. (A) Glucose absorption index was evaluated by the glycemic slopes calculated using blood glucose levels measured between 0 and 5 min after oral glucose bolus (4 g glucose/kg) in control (white bars, n = 10) and GLUT2ΔIEC mice (black bars, n = 11), from 4 to 12 weeks after tamoxifen administration. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; Control vs GLUT2ΔIEC (Mann–Whitney U tests). #P < 0.05; GLUT2ΔIEC 4 vs 12 weeks post-tamoxifen administration (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). (B) Relative mRNA levels of sugar transporters SGLT1, GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT5, and GLUT7 in the jejunum of control (white bars, n = 9–14) and GLUT2ΔIEC (black bars, n = 7–13) mice, 4 (right panel) and 12 weeks (left panel) after tamoxifen administration. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; Control vs GLUT2ΔIEC mice (Mann–Whitney U test). (C) Representative transversal, coronal, and sagittal PET-CT images of 2FDG accumulation in liver, kidney, bladder, stomach, intestine, heart, and brain of control (right panel) and GLUT2ΔIEC (left panel) mice, 30 min after gavage of the tracer. (D–H) 60-min tracer activity detected in major target organs and tissues including kidney (D), bladder (E), liver (F), brain (G), and stomach (H) in control (white circles, n = 7) and GLUT2ΔIEC mice (black circles, n = 9), 4 weeks after tamoxifen administration. Values are expressed as mean tissue radioactive concentration normalized by total orally administrated 2FDG and body weight ± SEM (SUV: standardized uptake values). (I) Intestinal transit time. First appearance of dye in the feces after carmine red gavage given to control (white bar, n = 6) and GLUT2ΔIEC mice (black bar, n = 5) after 6 h of fasting. Values are means ± SEM. ns: non-significant. (J) Representative PET-CT images of 2FDG accumulation in ex vivo flushed small intestine of control (right panel) and GLUT2ΔIEC (left panel) mice, 60 min after gavage of the tracer. Delineation of small intestine with dotted lines. (K) Ex vivo tissue profiling for glucose tracer contents along the flushed small intestine of control (white circles, n = 6) and GLUT2ΔIEC (black circles, n = 6) mice, 60 min after an intragastric glucose bolus (4 g/kg) containing 2FDG. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; control vs GLUT2ΔIEC mice (two-way ANOVA).