Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 47,311 men and women by cumulative resting heart rate quartiles.
| Characteristic | Total | Quartiles of cumulative resting heart rate [(beats/min) * year] |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (<267.90) | Q2 (267.90–292.84) | Q3 (292.85–322.84) | Q4 (≥322.85) | |||
| No. of subjects | 47311 | 11828 | 11832 | 11823 | 11828 | |
| Age, year | 48.70 ± 11.68 | 46.09 ± 10.58 | 47.07 ± 11.37 | 49.70 ± 11.68 | 51.92 ± 12.15 | <0.001 * |
| Men sex, n (%) | 37010 (78.2) | 9185 (77.7) | 9276 (78.4) | 9245 (78.2) | 9304 (78.7) | 0.285# |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 14480 (30.6) | 3381 (28.6) | 3703 (31.3) | 3670 (31.0) | 3724 (31.5) | <0.001# |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 8471 (17.9) | 1868 (15.8) | 2118 (17.9) | 2206 (18.7) | 2279 (19.3) | <0.001# |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 6424 (13.6) | 1279 (10.8) | 1456 (12.3) | 1683 (14.2) | 2006 (17.0) | <0.001# |
| SBP, mmHg | 128.61 ± 19.90 | 124.55 ± 18.64 | 127.21 ± 19.09 | 129.46 ± 19.77 | 133.21 ± 20.99 | <0.001* |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.73 ± 11.40 | 80.87 ± 10.86 | 82.20 ± 11.08 | 83.11 ± 11.35 | 84.74 ± 11.94 | <0.001* |
| RHR, beats/min | 73.41 ± 9.83 | 67.74 ± 7.35 | 71.86 ± 7.67 | 74.41 ± 8.87 | 79.63 ± 11.00 | <0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.06 ± 3.47 | 24.95 ± 3.37 | 25.12 ± 3.46 | 25.06 ± 3.49 | 25.09 ± 3.55 | 0.002* |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.40 ± 1.54 | 5.18 ± 1.25 | 5.30 ± 1.36 | 5.46 ± 1.56 | 5.67 ± 1.86 | <0.001* |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.94 ± 1.14 | 4.83 ± 1.11 | 4.88 ± 1.14 | 4.95 ± 1.14 | 5.09 ± 1.14 | <0.001* |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.56 ± 0.40 | 1.56 ± 0.39 | 1.56 ± 0.40 | 1.55 ± 0.40 | 1.56 ± 0.41 | 0.462* |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.30 ± 0.92 | 2.22 ± 0.90 | 2.30 ± 0.92 | 2.31 ± 0.92 | 2.38 ± 0.94 | <0.001* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19170 (40.5) | 3890 (32.9) | 4461 (37.7) | 4963 (42.0) | 5860 (49.5) | <0.001# |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 461 (10.2) | 842 (7.1) | 1072 (9.1) | 1292 (10.9) | 1610 (13.6) | <0.001# |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 22045 (46.6) | 4901 (41.1) | 5332 (45.1) | 5647 (47.8) | 6165 (52.1) | <0.001# |
| Stroke, n (%) | 628 (1.3) | 88 (0.7) | 113 (1.0) | 180 (1.5) | 247 (2.1) | <0.001# |
| Cancer, n (%) | 126 (0.3) | 20 (0.2) | 26 (0.2) | 33 (0.3) | 47 (0.4) | 0.002# |
Data shown as mean ± SD or frequency (percentage).
Key: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; RHR, resting heart rate; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, higher-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*Analysis of variance test (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test used for continuous variables.
#χ2 test used for categorical variables.