Table 2. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause mortality according to the cumulative resting heart rate or the number of visits with a higher RHR.

cumRHR (bmp*year)	Participants (No.)	Death (No.)	Mortality rate*	Hazard ratio (95% CI)#
				Model 1†	Model 2‡	Model 3§	Model 4||
Change per SD (46.78)	47311	1025	54.44	1.35 (1.29–1.42)	1.38 (1.28–1.49)	1.27 (1.17–1.37)	1.37 (1.23–1.52)
Quartiles
Q1:<267.90	11828	176	35.60	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Q2:267.90–292.84	11832	203	42.05	1.18 (0.96–1.44)	1.08 (0.88–1.33)	1.08 (0.87–1.35)	1.07 (0.86–1.34)
Q3:292.85–322.84	11823	246	52.94	1.47 (1.21–1.79)	1.12 (0.91–1.38)	1.09 (0.88–1.37)	1.09 (0.87–1.36)
Q4:≥322.85	11828	400	90.91	2.54 (2.12–3.04)	1.70 (1.38–2.10)	1.42 (1.13–1.78)	1.39 (1.07–1.81)
P for trend				<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.027
The number of visits with a higher RHR
Never	29690	542	44.34	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
At 1 study visit	11105	280	63.35	1.37 (1.19–1.59)	1.43 (1.24–1.65)	1.31 (1.12–1.52)	1.35 (1.15–1.59)
At 2 study visits	4816	142	74.27	1.63 (1.35–1.96)	1.78 (1.48–2.15)	1.52 (1.25–1.85)	1.62 (1.30–2.02)
At 3 study visits	1700	61	91.30	1.99 (1.53–2.60)	2.07 (1.59–2.70)	1.66 (1.25–2.21)	1.86 (1.33–2.61)
P for trend				<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

^#Hazard ratio (95% CI) was calculated from Cox models.

^*Mortality rate per 10, 000 person-years.

^†Univariate analysis.

^‡Adjusted for age, sex, time_1–2 and time_2–3.

^§Adjusted for age, sex, time_1–2, time_2–3, mean systolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke and cancer.

^||Adjusted for risks factor in model 3 plus baseline resting heart rate.