(A) The amino acid sequence of PbSPELD was aligned with other Plasmodium orthologues P. chabaudi, PCHAS_0712200; P. yoelii, PY17X_0912300; P. cynomolgi, PCYB_094370; P. falciparum, PF3D7_1137800; P. knowlesi, PKNH_0936000 and P. vivax PVX_092505 using the Clustal Omega program. The conserved residues are shaded turquoise and physico-chemically similar residues are shaded grey. All orthologues contain a tyrosine-rich domain (underlined) and a putative transmembrane region (boxed). (B) The table shows amino acid identities between the indicated proteins. (C) The expression of pbspeld across P. berghei life cycle stages. The gene expression was analysed by quantitative real time PCR that revealed highest gene expression in the salivary gland sporozoites (SG Spz) followed by day 14 midgut sporozoites (MG Spz). The normalized data was expressed as a ratio of absolute copy numbers of pbspeld versus Pb18srRNA (internal control) for each stage of the Plasmodium life cycle. Ring: Ring stages, MBS: mixed blood stages, MG Spz: Midgut sporozoites, SG Spz: salivary gland sporozoites, LS16H: Liver stage 16 h, LS25H: Liver stage 25 h, LS42H: Liver stage 42 h, LS50H: Liver stage 50 h, LS65H: Liver stage 65 h.