(a) Level 1 ASD screening instruments
| Social communication | Repetitive behaviors | Sensory | Developmental | Reactivity/temperament | Atypical information processing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communication | Social | |||||
| Early Screen for Autism Traits (ESAT) | ||||||
| Eye contact | Has interest in different toys | Reaction to sensory stimuli | ||||
| Reacts when spoken to | Emotions understandable | Varied play | Likes cuddling | |||
| Facial expression | Stereotyped movements | |||||
| Attracts attention | ||||||
| Brings/shows objects | ||||||
| Interest in people | ||||||
| Smiles directly | ||||||
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| Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorder (CSEDD) | ||||||
| Lack of eye contact | Shows stereotyped behavior | Dislikes touching and cuddling | Does not explore, passive | |||
| Turns to name | Social smile | Lack of variable play∗ | Unusual sensory behavior | Lack of functional play∗ | ||
| Seems to be deaf | Shares enjoyment | Lack of functional play∗ | Babbling at 12 months | Overreaction to change or other events∗ | ||
| Gestures | Imitation | Unusual postures | Single words at 16 months | |||
| Follows point | Prefers aloneness | Overreaction to change or other events∗ | Spontaneous two-word phrases at 24 months | |||
| Points | Shows object for social bid | Loss of language | ||||
| Instrumental communication/hand-leading | Flat affect | |||||
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| Infant-Toddler Checklist (ITC) | ||||||
| Responds to name | Emotions readable | Interest in a variety of objects | Strings sounds together | |||
| Follows point to object | Eye contact while playing | Uses objects appropriately∗ | Variety of consonant sounds | |||
| Requests object | Shared affect | Repeats simple activity over and over | Comprehension vocabulary | |||
| Words for attention or help | Seeks attention | Block or ring stacking | ||||
| Points to objects | Gets you to laugh | |||||
| Waves to greet | Shows object for social attention | |||||
| Initiating through handing object | ||||||
| Initiates joint attention | ||||||
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| First-Year Inventory (FYI) | ||||||
| Looks when name is called | Upset when switching activities | Overly sensitive to touch | Babbles | Sleeping and waking patterns are regular | ||
| Trouble hearing | Avoids looking at you | Enjoys staring at bright lights | Ignores loud or startling sounds | Uses pincer grip | Regular feeding patterns | |
| Looks at people when they talk | Looks at your face for comfort | Gets stuck on playing with a part of a toy | Spits out certain textures of foods | Eyes line up when looking at object | ||
| Uses communicative gestures | Plays alone for an hour or more | Body gets stuck in positions or postures | Presses against things | |||
| Responds to ‘‘Where's —?” | Looks up from play when shown new toy | Enjoys making objects spin over and over | Enjoys rubbing or scratching objects | |||
| Uses finger to point at things | Easy to understand baby's expressions | Stares at fingers while wiggling them | Enjoys kicking feet over and over | |||
| Plays or communicates less than in the past | Tries to get your attention to show things, or for interactive or physical games | |||||
| Imitates mouth sounds, body movements, or movements, with objects | ||||||
| Tries to get attention by sound and gaze | ||||||
| Seems interested in other babies | ||||||