Table 2.

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Reference	Patients (n)	treatment	Surgery (%)	R0 resection (%)	PCR (%)	Survival rate (%) or median survival (mo)
Lowy et al. [21]	24	5-FU + 45  EBRT	83	75	11	NS
Wydmański et al. [22]	40	5-FU + LV + 45 Gy EBRT	80	75	18	63% (2 years)
Allal et al. [23]	19	5-FU + LV + C + 38.4 Gy	100	NS	5	35% (5 years)
Ajani et al. [24]	34	5-FU, LV, C + 45 Gy EBRT, 5-FU	85	70	30	33.7 months
Ajani et al. [25]	41	5-FU, C, P + 45 Gy EBRT, 5-FU, P	98	78	20	NS
Ajani et al. [26]	49	5-FU, LV, C + 45 Gy EBRT, 5-FU, P	83	77	26	23.2 months
Stahl et al. [27]	126	5-FU, LV, C + surgery versus 5-FU, LV, C + 30 Gy, C, etoposide + surgery	88 versus 82	69 versus 72	2.0 versus 15.6	27.7 versus 47.4 (3 years)
Inoue et al. [29]	12	S-1, 50 Gy EBRT	100	92	17	58.3 (3 years)
Lee et al. [30]	12	S-1,oxaliplaitin, 41.4 Gy EBRT	100	92	8	NS
Trip et al. [31]	25	Carboplatin, P + 45 Gy EBRT	96	72	16	NS
van Hagen et al. [32]	366	Carboplatin, P, 41.4 Gy EBRT + surgery versus surgery alone	94 versus 99	92 versus 69	29 versus 49	49, 4 mos versus 24.0 mos

PCR: pathologic complete response; EBRT: external beam radiotherapy; NS: not stated; 5-FU: fluorouracil; LV: leucovorin; C: cisplatin; P: paclitaxel.