Table 4.

Basal expression and activity of CYP1A1 in different animal models.

Animal model	Development stage	Spatial localization	Detection method	Reference
Human	16–36 gestation weeks	Not determined-	PCR	[96]
	50–60 gestation weeks	Hepatic tissue	BZROD (microsomes) (8.8 ± 2.1 pmol/mg of protein/min−1)	[97]
	74–145 gestation days	Day 87: kidney Days 55, 70, 101, and 112: lung Days 45, 70, and 85: liver	PCR: southern blot	[98]
Mouse	E17	Not determined-	PCR	[96, 99]
	E7-E14	E7: extraembryonic ectoderm and mesoderm E8.5: myocardial cells in ventricular chamber E10: left and right heart ventricle Dorsal aorta and neuroepithelial cells of midbrain E12: myocardial cells of both heart ventricles and midbrain E13: dorsal aorta, heart, and epithelium of midbrain E14: dorsal aorta, both heart ventricles, and atrium Epithelium of midbrain and trigeminal ganglion.	lacZ reporter with the promoter of CYP1A1	[100]
Rat	15–29 gestation days	D15: liver D29: lung and liver	PCR Southern blot	[98]
Chicken	4–15 incubation days	D4–D7: embryonic pool D9–D15: liver D4–D15: yolk sac	EROD (microsomes) (<1 pmol/mg of protein/min−1) (>300 <1100 pmol/mg of protein/min−1) (>20 <400 pmol/mg of protein/min−1)	[101]
	17 incubation days	Liver	Run-on transcription assay	[102]
	18 incubation days	Liver kidney	EROD (microsomes) (35 ± 6 pmol/mg of protein/min−1) (25 ± 9 pmol/mg of protein/min−1)	[103]
	10 incubation days	Liver	q-PCR	[104]
Zebra Fish	8–128 hours after fertilization (hpf)	8 hpf: germs layers 32–80 hpf: cardiovascular system 104–128 hpf: cardiovascular system, liver, intestine, urinary tract, and kidney	EROD in vivo (>0.08 <0.5 pmol/mg of protein/min−1)	[105]
	48–120 hpf	Embryonic pool	q-PCR EROD in vivo (0.0107–0.0184 pmol/mg of protein/min−1)	[106]
	4–8 days after fertilization	Not determined	EROD in vivo (50–100 fmol h−1 larva−1)	[107]
Medaka fish	8 hpf	Not determined	EROD in vivo (arbitrary units)	[108]
	50–245 hpf	Gallbladder	EROD in vivo (arbitrary units)	[109]