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. 2017 Jan 1;30(1):35–44. doi: 10.1089/vim.2016.0113

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© Lu et al., 2016; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 2. — HBe inhibited U937 motility and increased BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10 expression in monocytes. (A) Impaired migration ability of HBe-transfected U937 cells. The percentage of migratory cells in HBe-U937 group was sufficiently decreased when compared with GV166-HBe group (GV166-U937 vs. HBe-U937: 21.9% vs. 14.4%; p = 0.0010). This revealed a significant inhibitory role of HBe in the migration ability of U937 cells. (B) BAFF mRNA expression in HBe-transfected U937 cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that the BAFF mRNA expression level in HBe-U937 cells was significantly increased, which indicated that HBe promoted BAFF expression in U937 cells. GAPDH was used for reference gene to normalize BAFF mRNA level. (C) Soluble BAFF concentration in culture supernatants of U937 and transfected U937 cells. It showed that soluble BAFF secretion was increased in HBe-transfected U937 cells. (D) Serum BAFF levels in HBe-positive and HBe-negative patients with HBV infection. Serum samples were collected from patients and BAFF levels were measured by ELISA. This result confirmed that BAFF secretion increased in HBe-positive patients. (E) Other cytokines in culture supernatant of U937 and transfected U937 cells. IL-6 and IL-10 expression in lentivirus-transfected U937 were inhibited compared with U937. However, when compared with GV166-U937, it showed that both IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in HBe-U937 cells. TNF-α and APRIL expression had no significant difference between groups. (F) Serum IL-6 and IL-10 in HBe-positive and HBe-negative CHB patients. It showed that IL-6 and IL-10 expression were not associated with HBe antigen status in HBV-infected patients. All experiments were repeated thrice independently. Differences between groups were analyzed using the independent sample Student's t-test and considered to be significant if p < 0.05. APRIL, A proliferation inducing ligand; BAFF, B cell activating factor; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IL, interleukin; RT, real time; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.