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. 2017 Jan 9;17:2. doi: 10.1186/s12874-016-0281-5

Table 2.

Performance results for exposure E, datasets of 1,000 observationsa

% miss A B Cb Db Eb Fb Gb H
MCAR Mean biasc 20 −0.019 −0.107 −0.020 −0.025 −0.030 −0.021 −0.023 −0.427
40 −0.038 −0.209 −0.041 −0.045 −0.020 −0.041 −0.045 −0.437
60 −0.084 −0.301 −0.064 −0.056 −0.060 −0.067 −0.055 −0.440
80 0.134 −0.409 −0.109 −0.092 −0.145 −0.126 −0.097 −0.458
Mean errorc 20 0.218 0.208 0.200 0.201 0.199 0.199 0.199 0.430
40 0.290 0.268 0.232 0.231 0.229 0.232 0.233 0.444
60 0.475 0.361 0.306 0.313 0.308 0.309 0.301 0.466
80 1.016 0.503 0.584 0.503 0.543 0.560 0.489 0.525
Coverage 20 0.950 0.941 0.943 0.945 0.949 0.947 0.943 0.489
40 0.962 0.913 0.963 0.957 0.959 0.962 0.949 0.605
60 0.965 0.907 0.959 0.939 0.955 0.960 0.943 0.718
80 0.992 0.957 0.989 0.956 0.986 0.988 0.965 0.823
Power 20 0.720 0.688 0.771 0.761 0.777 0.769 0.770 0.274
40 0.462 0.425 0.604 0.593 0.644 0.610 0.597 0.181
60 0.228 0.213 0.367 0.413 0.394 0.373 0.433 0.163
80 0.065 0.062 0.068 0.180 0.098 0.074 0.169 0.124
MAR Mean biasc 20 −0.019 −0.125 −0.030 −0.035 −0.030 −0.030 −0.035 −0.425
40 −0.014 −0.227 −0.046 −0.065 −0.044 −0.050 −0.062 −0.441
60 −0.046 −0.308 −0.063 −0.064 −0.049 −0.059 −0.062 −0.446
80 −0.054 −0.350 −0.069 −0.119 −0.080 −0.073 −0.128 −0.408
Mean errorc 20 0.224 0.215 0.200 0.200 0.203 0.198 0.197 0.428
40 0.290 0.282 0.228 0.227 0.234 0.229 0.229 0.448
60 0.491 0.367 0.314 0.312 0.303 0.314 0.305 0.467
80 1.070 0.463 0.593 0.501 0.546 0.601 0.502 0.494
Coverage 20 0.941 0.925 0.955 0.954 0.956 0.955 0.953 0.504
40 0.958 0.896 0.953 0.956 0.950 0.958 0.948 0.561
60 0.955 0.889 0.963 0.948 0.971 0.964 0.946 0.706
80 0.994 0.943 0.978 0.954 0.978 0.978 0.946 0.836
Power 20 0.708 0.678 0.779 0.763 0.771 0.774 0.779 0.271
40 0.448 0.372 0.583 0.564 0.606 0.587 0.593 0.193
60 0.224 0.195 0.350 0.391 0.373 0.360 0.404 0.161
80 0.010 0.052 0.050 0.147 0.077 0.045 0.143 0.123
MNAR Mean biasc 20 −0.026 −0.150 −0.047 −0.044 −0.054 −0.047 −0.046 −0.425
40 −0.092 −0.302 −0.135 −0.113 −0.097 −0.139 −0.121 −0.454
60 −0.086 −0.334 −0.050 −0.022 −0.027 −0.052 −0.021 −0.450
80 0.038 −0.478 −0.253 −0.283 −0.314 −0.316 −0.275 −0.484
Mean errorc 20 0.227 0.228 0.207 0.207 0.209 0.208 0.207 0.431
40 0.375 0.371 0.302 0.293 0.292 0.304 0.293 0.472
60 0.590 0.411 0.366 0.368 0.361 0.371 0.355 0.479
80 1.283 0.741 0.841 0.737 0.773 0.881 0.711 0.654
Coverage 20 0.954 0.923 0.940 0.945 0.941 0.944 0.943 0.554
40 0.957 0.927 0.958 0.950 0.961 0.954 0.949 0.708
60 0.973 0.962 0.967 0.951 0.964 0.968 0.946 0.746
80 0.997 1.000 0.993 0.990 0.999 0.995 0.986 0.921
Power 20 0.652 0.592 0.714 0.712 0.694 0.706 0.713 0.237
40 0.307 0.223 0.383 0.398 0.420 0.389 0.399 0.153
60 0.209 0.148 0.330 0.368 0.366 0.327 0.382 0.152
80 0.015 0.010 0.041 0.088 0.039 0.030 0.096 0.092

aAnalysis model A: complete case analysis (no multiple imputation [mi]); B: no outcome imputation, not included in mi model; C: no outcome imputation, outcome imputed in mi model; D: outcome imputed and included in mi model; E: outcome imputed and included in mi model but then observations where it was imputed are deleted; F as in C but also including a second correlated outcome in the mi model; G as in D but also including a second correlated outcome in the mi model; H as in D but the mi and analysis models do not include the covariate

bMain models of interest, other models provided for comparison purposes

cReported on log-odds scale and based on a true effect of log [2]