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. 2017 Jan 9;17:2. doi: 10.1186/s12874-016-0281-5

Table 3.

Performance results for exposure E, datasets of 10,000 observationsa

% miss A B Cb Db Eb Fb Gb H
MCAR Mean biasc 20 0.001 −0.089 −0.003 −0.008 −0.006 −0.003 −0.006 −0.413
40 −0.005 −0.181 −0.016 −0.024 −0.009 −0.016 −0.021 −0.419
60 −0.017 −0.268 −0.027 −0.035 −0.017 −0.028 −0.032 −0.421
80 −0.021 −0.343 −0.023 −0.036 −0.033 −0.027 −0.032 −0.418
Mean errorc 20 0.064 0.094 0.059 0.059 0.060 0.059 0.059 0.413
40 0.088 0.182 0.071 0.072 0.071 0.070 0.071 0.419
60 0.135 0.268 0.094 0.094 0.088 0.094 0.095 0.421
80 0.270 0.343 0.150 0.144 0.148 0.148 0.143 0.418
Coverage 20 0.962 0.792 0.959 0.965 0.948 0.959 0.959 0.000
40 0.946 0.439 0.954 0.946 0.958 0.954 0.952 0.000
60 0.943 0.291 0.956 0.931 0.965 0.958 0.939 0.007
80 0.952 0.394 0.952 0.929 0.950 0.949 0.929 0.137
Power 20 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.983
40 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.935
60 0.974 0.982 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.772
80 0.518 0.635 0.949 0.943 0.956 0.946 0.944 0.547
MAR Mean biasc 20 0.005 −0.101 −0.005 −0.012 −0.009 −0.005 −0.013 −0.412
40 0.001 −0.204 −0.031 −0.043 −0.032 −0.031 −0.042 −0.419
60 −0.015 −0.275 −0.038 −0.046 −0.028 −0.037 −0.046 −0.423
80 0.014 −0.349 −0.058 −0.068 −0.058 −0.058 −0.072 −0.415
Mean errorc 20 0.064 0.104 0.059 0.058 0.060 0.058 0.058 0.412
40 0.087 0.204 0.072 0.075 0.074 0.072 0.075 0.419
60 0.135 0.275 0.096 0.098 0.092 0.095 0.097 0.423
80 0.304 0.349 0.160 0.159 0.153 0.158 0.161 0.415
Coverage 20 0.965 0.727 0.963 0.967 0.962 0.965 0.964 0.000
40 0.952 0.334 0.958 0.940 0.947 0.951 0.935 0.000
60 0.948 0.237 0.950 0.924 0.953 0.950 0.918 0.004
80 0.944 0.356 0.935 0.918 0.943 0.941 0.926 0.161
Power 20 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.987
40 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.944
60 0.977 0.982 0.999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.792
80 0.486 0.613 0.905 0.897 0.920 0.912 0.902 0.537
MNAR Mean biasc 20 0.003 −0.125 −0.023 −0.021 −0.024 −0.023 −0.024 −0.411
40 −0.006 −0.250 −0.091 −0.072 −0.080 −0.091 −0.081 −0.417
60 −0.003 −0.288 −0.016 0.010 0.005 −0.017 0.003 −0.420
80 −0.026 −0.358 −0.186 −0.161 −0.186 −0.182 −0.176 −0.427
Mean errorc 20 0.067 0.128 0.063 0.063 0.066 0.063 0.063 0.411
40 0.112 0.250 0.113 0.102 0.107 0.113 0.107 0.417
60 0.150 0.288 0.103 0.105 0.106 0.104 0.103 0.420
80 0.456 0.367 0.253 0.237 0.258 0.252 0.241 0.428
Coverage 20 0.952 0.643 0.948 0.947 0.935 0.949 0.947 0.000
40 0.960 0.349 0.893 0.908 0.886 0.887 0.893 0.002
60 0.952 0.394 0.955 0.944 0.937 0.961 0.947 0.017
80 0.967 0.943 0.981 0.916 0.971 0.981 0.916 0.360
Power 20 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.973
40 0.998 0.985 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.826
60 0.942 0.898 0.999 0.997 1.000 0.996 0.999 0.738
80 0.256 0.094 0.358 0.527 0.394 0.364 0.519 0.331

aAnalysis model A: complete case analysis (no multiple imputation [mi]); B: no outcome imputation, not included in mi model; C: no outcome imputation, outcome imputed in mi model; D: outcome imputed and included in mi model; E: outcome imputed and included in mi model but then observations where it was imputed are deleted; F as in C but also including a second correlated outcome in the mi model; G as in D but also including a second correlated outcome in the mi model; H as in D but the mi and analysis models do not include the covariate

bMain models of interest, other models provided for comparison purposes

cReported on log-odds scale and based on a true effect of log [2]