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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Sportsmed. 2016 Nov;44(4):362–372. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1248222

Table 3.

Stratification and frequencies based on metabolic and hormonal factors.

Stratification Total (%) Males Females
VAT Low (< 7cm) 36 (73.5%) 15 21

Moderate (M 7-9cm; W 7-8cm) 10 (20.4%) 6 4
High (M>9 cm; W >8cm) 3 (6.1%) 2 1

LM Low (<10%) 0 (0%) 0 0
Normal (10th - 90th %) 33 (67.3%) 18 15
High >90% 11 (22.4%) 5 6
>97% 5 (10.2%) 0 5

RMR Low (<125.6 kcal/d) 22 (44.9%) 14 8
Normal (±125.6 kcal/d) 24 (49.0%) 6 18
High (>125.6 kcal/d) 3 (6.1%) 3 0

RER Low (<0.82) 13 (26.5%) 4 9
Normal (0.85±0.03) 28 (57.1%) 16 12
High (>0.88) 8 (16.3%) 3 5

TRG Normal (<150 mg/dL) 38 (84.4%) 17 21
High (≥ 150 mg/dL) 7 (15.6%) 6 1

TC Low (<100 mg/dL) 4 (8.2%) 0 0
Normal (100-199 mg/dL) 30 (61.2%) 13 17
High (>200 mg/dL) 15 (30.6%) 10 5

LDL Normal (<100 mg/dL) 13 (28.9%) 4 9
Above normal (100-160 mg/dL) 26 (57.8%) 15 11
High (>160 mg/dL) 6 (13.3%) 4 2

HDL Low (M< 40 mg/dL; F< 50 mg/dL) 25 (55.6%) 12 13
Normal (M≥40 mg/dL; F≥50 mg/dL) 20 (44.4%) 11 9

Glucose Low (<70 mg/dL) 1 (2.2%) 0 1
Normal (70-110 mg/dL) 42 (93.3%) 21 21
High (≥110 mg/dL) 2 (4.4%) 2 0

HOMA-IR Normal (≤2.5) 44 (97.8%) 23 21
High (>2.5) 1 (2.2%) 0 1

Leptin Low (<10th percentile) 0 (0.0%) 0 0
Normal (10th - 90th percentile) 14 (31.1%) 12 2
High (>90th percentile) 31 (68.9%) 11 22

Estradiol Low (M<0.10 pg/mL; F<1.35 pg/mL) 3 (6.1%) 0 3
Normal (M=0.10-1.94 pg/mL; F=1.35-2.97 pg/mL) 37 (75.5%) 15 22
High (M>1.94 pg/mL; F>2.97 9 (18.4%) 8 1

Cortisol Low 7 (14.3%) 1 6
Normal 42 (85.7%) 22 20
High 0 (0%) 0 0

Note: VAT, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL are considered risk factors for metabolic syndrome.