Table 3.
Risk (95% CI) of incident ESRD by frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
| Variables | Categories of SSB Consumption, glasses/wk | P value for trend | Continuous SSB Consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 (n=5204) | 1–4 (n=3766) | 5–7 (n=3870) | >7 (n=2525) | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| ESRD, n (%) | 117 (2.3) | 92 (2.4) | 101 (2.6) | 46 (1.8) | 0.23 | – | – |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref) | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.19) | 0.58 (0.43 to 0.78) | 0.32 (0.21 to 0.47) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.77) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref) | 1.30 (0.88 to 1.92) | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.71) | 0.68 (0.40 to 1.16) | 0.05 | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.08) | 0.20 |
| Model 3a | 1 (Ref) | 1.30 (0.88 to 1.92) | 1.12 (0.74 to 1.70) | 0.68 (0.40 to 1.16) | 0.05 | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.08) | 0.20 |
| Model 3b | 1 (Ref) | 1.35 (0.91 to 2.01) | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.71) | 0.52 (0.27 to 1.00) | 0.01 | 0.73 (0.53 to 0.99) | 0.05 |
| Model 3c | 1 (Ref) | 1.32 (0.89 to 1.96) | 1.16 (0.76 to 1.79) | 0.73 (0.41 to 1.32) | 0.11 | 0.90 (0.69 to 1.16) | 0.42 |
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race-center, education level, smoking status, physical activity, total caloric intake, baseline eGFR (linear spline terms with one knot at 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Model 2: Model 1 + body mass index category, diabetes, systolic BP, serum uric acid. Model 3a: Model 2 + dietary acid load. Model 3b: Model 2 + diet quality (modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010), dietary sodium, dietary fructose, frequency of consumption of diet soda. Model 3c: Model 2 + dietary phosphorus. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SBB, sugar-sweetened beverage; HR, hazard ratio; –, not applicable.