Table 1.
Clinical characteristics across studies
| Clinical Characteristics | General Population | High Risk | GP/HR Total | CKD | CKD Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARIC | NHANES | Pima | AASK | CRIC | MDRD | |||
| Total, N | 10,583 | 7061 | 259 | 17,903 | 828 | 3792 | 795 | 5415 |
| Age, yr | 63 (6) | 56 (20) | 43 (11) | 60 (14) | 55 (11) | 58 (11) | 52 (12) | 56 (11) |
| Women, % | 57 | 52 | 69 | 55 | 38 | 45 | 40 | 43 |
| Black, % | 22 | 25 | 0 | 23 | 100 | 41 | 8 | 45 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (6) | 27 (5) | 35 (8) | 28 (6) | 31 (7) | 32 (8) | 27 (4) | 31 (7) |
| Current smoker, % | 14 | 21 | NR | 17 | 28 | 13 | 10 | 15 |
| Diabetes, % | 17 | 14 | 100 | 17 | 0 | 52 | 11 | 38 |
| Prevalent CHD, % | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 51 | 33 | 13 | 33 |
| eGFRcr, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 86 (16) | 90 (26) | 118 (20) | 88 (21) | 47 (16) | 47 (18) | 34 (14) | 45 (18) |
| eGFRcys, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 71 (17) | 90 (28) | 101 (24) | 79 (24) | 48 (18) | 45 (21) | 34 (13) | 44 (20) |
| eGFRBTP, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 66 (13) | 64 (13) | 82 (29) | 62 (12) | 49 (17) | 46 (16) | 33 (9) | 45 (16) |
| eGFRB2M, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 75 (15) | 74 (21) | 75 (16) | 74 (18) | 47 (14) | 44 (16) | 35 (12) | 43 (15) |
| eGFRcr-cys, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 78 (16) | 91 (27) | 113 (25) | 84 (23) | 46 (16) | 45 (19) | 33 (13) | 44 (18) |
| eGFRavg, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 73 (12) | 79 (20) | 94 (18) | 76 (17) | 47 (14) | 46 (16) | 34 (11) | 44 (16) |
| ESRD | ||||||||
| Number of events, n | 252 | 114 | 76 | 442 | 246 | 801 | 586 | 1633 |
| Follow-up time, yr | 13 (3) | 13 (5) | 16 (6) | 13 (4) | 7.4 (3.4) | 5.6 (2.2) | 7.6 (5.5) | 6.2 (3.2) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000-py | 1.83 | 1.23 | 18.9 | 1.89 | 39.9 | 38.0 | 96.5 | 49.0 |
| ACM | ||||||||
| Number of events, n | 2572 | 3307 | 113 | 5992 | 130 | 686 | 367 | 1183 |
| Follow-up time, yr | 13 (3) | 15 (6) | 16 (6) | 14 (5) | 7.4 (3.4) | 6.2 (1.9) | 14 (5) | 7.5 (3.9) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000-py | 18.8 | 31.0 | 28.0 | 24.2 | 21.1 | 29.3 | 33.0 | 29.1 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. Smoking status was defined as current, former, or never smoker on the basis of self-report. Prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline was defined as a self-reported history of coronary artery disease or prior revascularization of blood vessels. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication. All participants in Pima had diabetes. All participants in AASK did not have diabetes. For ARIC, diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, a random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl, or self-reported use of insulin or oral diabetes medication. For the MDRD Study, CRIC, and NHANES diabetes status was defined as a fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, a random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥6.5, or self-reported use of insulin or oral diabetes medication. GP/HR, general population/higher risk studies; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Study; Pima, longitudinal population-based cohort study in Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community; AASK, African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; CRIC, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFRcr, eGFR on the basis of creatinine; eGFRcys, eGFR on the basis of cystatin C; eGFRBTP, eGFR on the basis of β-trace protein; eGFRB2M, eGFR on the basis of β-2-microglobulin; eGFRcr-cys, eGFR on the basis of the combination of creatinine and cystatin C; eGFRavg, eGFR on the basis of the average of eGFRcr, eGFRcys, eGFRBTP and eGFRB2M; py, patient year; ACM, all-cause mortality.