Table 2.

Changes in mortality of patients on dialysis from 2000 to 2013 by age, sex, race, cause of ESRD, and region

Characteristics	All-Cause Mortality								Predialysis Care
	Prevalent Patients		Incident Patients		Cardiovascular Mortality in Prevalent Patients		Diabetes as ESRD Cause		Nephrologist Care >12 mo		AVF Placement
	Change, %a	P Value	Change, %a	P Value	Change, %a	P Value	Change, %a	P Value	Change, %a	P Value	Change, %a	P Value
Overall model	−2.7	<0.001	−2.1	<0.001	−5.0	<0.001	−0.2	<0.001	2.8	<0.001	2.4	<0.001
Age model
Age, yr
65–74	−2.8	—	−2.3	—	−5.1	—	−0.4	—	3.1	—	2.6	—
18–44	−3.8	<0.001	−3.8	0.07	−4.4	0.004	1.0	<0.001	0.1	<0.001	0.9	<0.001
45–64	−3.0	<0.09	−2.0	0.37	−4.5	<0.001	−0.7	0.04	2.0	<0.001	2.0	0.09
≥75	−2.3	<0.001	−1.9	0.25	−5.5	0.001	0.6	<0.001	4.4	<0.001	3.4	0.06
Sex model
Sex
Men	−2.8	—	−2.1	—	−5.0	—	−0.2	—	2.8	—	2.5	—
Women	−2.9	<0.001	−2.3	0.32	−5.3	<0.001	−0.5	<0.001	2.7	0.52	3.2	<0.001
Race model
Race
White	−2.6	—	−1.8	—	−5.2	—	0.0	—	2.8	—	2.3	—
Black	−3.0	<0.001	−3.2	<0.001	−4.7	<0.001	−0.5	<0.001	2.9	0.95	3.2	0.002
Other	−3.0	0.004	−1.9	0.87	−4.6	<0.01	−1.4	<0.001	1.2	0.002	−0.9	<0.001
ESRD model
ESRD cause
Diabetes	−3.1	—	−2.9	—	−4.9	—	—	—	3.1	—	2.6	—
HTN	−2.4	<0.001	−2.3	0.09	−5.0	0.60	—	—	3.2	0.84	2.9	0.40
GN	−2.6	<0.001	−4.0	0.17	−4.9	0.88	—	—	2.2	0.04	0.5	<0.001
Other	−2.4	<0.001	−0.5	<0.001	−5.1	0.18	—	—	1.0	<0.001	0.7	<0.001
Region model
Region
West	−2.8	—	−2.0	—	−5.1	—	−0.2	—	3.2	—	2.5	—
Northeast	−2.7	0.51	−1.9	0.82	−4.9	0.06	0.0	0.39	3.7	0.03	2.7	0.59
Midwest	−2.3	<0.001	−0.6	<0.001	−5.3	0.02	−0.5	0.003	2.9	0.21	4.1	<0.001
South	−2.6	0.003	−2.7	0.001	−4.5	<0.001	−0.5	0.001	1.8	<0.001	2.0	0.02

Overall model is adjusted for age, sex, race, cause of ESRD, and region. Individual models are then constructed separately for each of these factors. AVF, arteriovenous fistula; —, referent or comparator group; HTN, hypertension.

^aPercentage relative annual change.