Cellular ATP concentrations expressed as femtomoles per microgram of protein from L. monocytogenes in 25 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.0) at 20°C. (A) Cells were exposed to antimicrobial agents at zero time, and all treatments except the buffer treatment were energized with 0.25% glucose at 5 min. (B) All treatments except the buffer treatment were energized with 0.25% glucose at zero time, and antimicrobial agents were added at 5 min. The treatments included buffer, glucose, eugenol (5 mM), cinnamaldehyde (40 mM), and CCCP (10 μM). The data are averages for four experiments, and values that are significantly different as determined by a Student t test (α = 0.05) are indicated by different letters.