Table 1.
Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of patients with T2DM according to CKD stage
| Characteristics | No CKD (n = 853) | CKD Stages 1–2 (n = 428) | CKD Stages 3–5 (n = 120) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 508 (59.6) | 225 (52.6) | 69 (57.5) | χ2 = 5.684 | 0.058 |
| Age (years) | 56.4 ± 12.5 | 59.8 ± 12.5* | 67.9 ± 12.0*,§ | F = 48.813 | 0.000 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 6.5 ± 6.2 | 9.2 ± 6.5* | 13.1 ± 7.7*,§ | F = 66.010 | 0.000 |
| Weight (kg) | 65.4 ± 12.9 | 63.8 ± 12.1† | 64.7 ± 10.9 | F = 2.186 | 0.113 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 24.2 ± 3.1 | F = 0.272 | 0.762 |
| WC (cm) | 87.8 ± 10.3 | 87.7 ± 10.3 | 89.4 ± 9.6 | F = 1.270 | 0.281 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.0 ± 16.9 | 144.3 ± 21.5* | 148.5 ± 24.0* | F = 76.415 | 0.000 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.0 ± 10.5 | 83.0 ± 11.8† | 81.6 ± 12.7 | F = 4.016 | 0.018 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.2 ± 3.7 | 9.8 ± 4.1* | 7.7 ± 3.3* | F = 14.816 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.6 ± 2.4 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 8.7 ± 2.3* | F = 10.915 | 0.000 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.5 (3.8–5.3) | 4.5 (3.8–5.4) | 4.4 (3.5–5.3) | F = 1.056 | 0.348 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4)* | F = 3.786 | 0.023 |
| HDL–C (mmol/L) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4)*,‡ | F = 4.334 | 0.013 |
| LDL–C (mmol/L) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 2.8 (2.1–3.7)*,§ | F = 0.052 | 0.949 |
| UACR (mg/g·Cr) | 8.9 (5.5–15.1) | 125.5 (51.5–508.1)* | 450.0 (67.2–2306.2)* | F = 1430.336 | 0.000 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 221 (25.9) | 84 (19.6)† | 17 (14.2)† | χ2 = 12.118 | 0.002 |
| Ex–smoker, n (%) | 101 (11.8) | 63 (14.7) | 22 (18.3) | χ2 = 4.967 | 0.083 |
| AF, n (%) | 3 (0.4) | 5 (1.2) | 3 (2.5)† | χ2 = 7.027 | 0.023 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 502 (58.9) | 323 (75.5)* | 106 (88.3)*,§ | χ2 = 76.939 | 0.000 |
*P<0.001; †P<0.05, compared to cases without CKD; ‡P<0.05; §P<0.001 compared to cases in CKD Stages 1–2. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (25th–75th percentiles) or percentages. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL–C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL–C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UACR: Urine albumin–to–creatinine ratio; Cr: Creatinine; AF: Atrial fibrillation; SD: Standard deviation; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.