Table 1.

Causes of fecal incontinence

Category	Details
Acquired structural abnormalities	Obstetric injury (vaginal delivery)
	Anorectal surgery (hemorrhoid, fistula, fissure, etc.)
	Rectal intussusception/prolapse
	Sphincter-sparing bowel resection
	Trauma (e.g., pelvic fracture, Anal impalement)
Functional disorders	Chronic diarrhea
	Irritable bowel disease
	Inflammatory bowel disease
	Radiation proctitis
	Malabsorption
	Hypersecretory tumors
	Fecal impaction (paradoxical diarrhea)
	Physical disabilities
	Psychiatric disorder
Neurological disorders	Pudendal neuropathy
	(radiation, diabetes, chemotherapy)
	Spinal surgery
	Multiple sclerosis
	Dementia
	CNS disorder: stroke, trauma, tumor, infection
	Spina bifida
Congenital disorders	Imperforate anus
	Cloacal defect
	Spina bifida (myelomeningocele, meningocele)