Table 1.

Reported efficacy of various disinfectants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Disinfectant	Suspended or biofilm cells	Experimental scale	Disinfectant dose	Contact time (min)	Initial cell concentration (cfu/mL)	Log reduction	Strain; resistance or recovery	References
Chlorine	Suspended	Laboratory	0.5 mg Cl2/L	__ 1	106	4	PAO1	Xue et al. (2013)
		Laboratory	0.5 mg Cl2/L	30	8 × 10−1	0.6	Env.—river water	Shrivastava et al. (2004)
		Laboratory	0.1–0.6 mg Cl2/L	5	106	0.4–4.3	Env.—water system biofilm	Grobe et al. (2001)
	Biofilm	Laboratory	0.5 mg Cl2/L	30	106	1.7	PAO1 biofilm	Kim et al. (2000)2009
		Laboratory	5.8 mg Cl2/L	60	nd	2	Env.	Van der Wende (1991)
Monochloramine	Suspended	Laboratory	2 mg Cl2/L	30	106	5	PAO1	Xue et al. (2013)
	Biofilm	Laboratory	4 mg Cl2/L	60	3.8 × 1012 cfu/m2	4	ERC1—hydraulic system biofilm	Chen et al. (1993)
Chlorine dioxide	Suspended	Laboratory	0.5 mg Cl2/L	30	107	5	Env.	Behnke and Camper (2012)
			1.5 mg Cl2/L	30	107	7	Env.
	Biofilm	Laboratory	1.5 mg Cl2/L	30	107	__ 1	Env.	Behnke and Camper (2012)
Silver ions	Suspended	Laboratory	5 mg/L	20	3 × 107	2	PAO1 wild‐type BAA‐47; resistance over time	Wu (2010)
		Laboratory	0.08 mg/L	720	3 × 106	6	Env.	Huang et al. (2008)
		Laboratory	0.1 mg/L	480	106	5.5	ATCC27313	Silvestry‐Rodriguez et al., 2007;
	Biofilm	Laboratory	5 mg/L	20	6.3 × 107	1	PAO1 wild‐type BAA‐47; resistance over time	Wu (2010)
		Laboratory	10 mg/L	30	106	0.6	PAO1 biofilm	Kim et al. (2000)
Copper ions	Suspended	Laboratory	0.6 mg/L	600	106	6	Env.—plumbing biofilm; full recovery	Dwidjosiswojo et al. (2011)
		Laboratory	0.1 mg/L	90	3 × 106	6	Env.	Huang et al. (2008)
		Laboratory	2 mg/L	300	106	6	PAO1 wild type	Teitzel and Parsek (2003)
	Biofilm	Laboratory	16 mg/L	300	3 × 107	3.5	PAO1 wild type; resistance to copper observed	Teitzel and Parsek (2003)
Ozone	Suspended	Laboratory	0.6 ppm	6	106	1	Env.	Zuma et al. (2009)
			3.14 ppm	2	106	4	Env.
		Laboratory	0.37 ppm	0.5; 5	OD600 = 1.75–2.0	1.07; 1.4	ATCC27853	Zhang et al. (2015)
	Biofilm	Not reported
Thermal shock	Suspended	Hospital	70°C	30	Not applicable		Env. strains; contamination at the tap eliminated after thermal shock treatments	Van der Mee‐Marquet et al. (2005)
		Hospital	75°C	60				Bukholm et al. (2002)
	Biofilm	Laboratory	65°C	2	108 cfu/cm2	5	PAO1	Park et al. (2011)
		Laboratory	85°C	1	4 × 104 cfu/cm2	2–3	ATCC9027	Kisko and Szabo‐Szabo (2011)

Env., Environmental isolate.