Table 1.
Disinfectant | Suspended or biofilm cells | Experimental scale | Disinfectant dose | Contact time (min) | Initial cell concentration (cfu/mL) | Log reduction | Strain; resistance or recovery | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorine | Suspended | Laboratory | 0.5 mg Cl2/L | __ 1 | 106 | 4 | PAO1 | Xue et al. (2013) |
Laboratory | 0.5 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 8 × 10−1 | 0.6 | Env.—river water | Shrivastava et al. (2004) | ||
Laboratory | 0.1–0.6 mg Cl2/L | 5 | 106 | 0.4–4.3 | Env.—water system biofilm | Grobe et al. (2001) | ||
Biofilm | Laboratory | 0.5 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 106 | 1.7 | PAO1 biofilm | Kim et al. (2000)2009 | |
Laboratory | 5.8 mg Cl2/L | 60 | nd | 2 | Env. | Van der Wende (1991) | ||
Monochloramine | Suspended | Laboratory | 2 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 106 | 5 | PAO1 | Xue et al. (2013) |
Biofilm | Laboratory | 4 mg Cl2/L | 60 | 3.8 × 1012 cfu/m2 | 4 | ERC1—hydraulic system biofilm | Chen et al. (1993) | |
Chlorine dioxide | Suspended | Laboratory | 0.5 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 107 | 5 | Env. | Behnke and Camper (2012) |
1.5 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 107 | 7 | Env. | ||||
Biofilm | Laboratory | 1.5 mg Cl2/L | 30 | 107 | __ 1 | Env. | Behnke and Camper (2012) | |
Silver ions | Suspended | Laboratory | 5 mg/L | 20 | 3 × 107 | 2 | PAO1 wild‐type BAA‐47; resistance over time | Wu (2010) |
Laboratory | 0.08 mg/L | 720 | 3 × 106 | 6 | Env. | Huang et al. (2008) | ||
Laboratory | 0.1 mg/L | 480 | 106 | 5.5 | ATCC27313 | Silvestry‐Rodriguez et al., 2007; | ||
Biofilm | Laboratory | 5 mg/L | 20 | 6.3 × 107 | 1 | PAO1 wild‐type BAA‐47; resistance over time | Wu (2010) | |
Laboratory | 10 mg/L | 30 | 106 | 0.6 | PAO1 biofilm | Kim et al. (2000) | ||
Copper ions | Suspended | Laboratory | 0.6 mg/L | 600 | 106 | 6 | Env.—plumbing biofilm; full recovery | Dwidjosiswojo et al. (2011) |
Laboratory | 0.1 mg/L | 90 | 3 × 106 | 6 | Env. | Huang et al. (2008) | ||
Laboratory | 2 mg/L | 300 | 106 | 6 | PAO1 wild type | Teitzel and Parsek (2003) | ||
Biofilm | Laboratory | 16 mg/L | 300 | 3 × 107 | 3.5 | PAO1 wild type; resistance to copper observed | Teitzel and Parsek (2003) | |
Ozone | Suspended | Laboratory | 0.6 ppm | 6 | 106 | 1 | Env. | Zuma et al. (2009) |
3.14 ppm | 2 | 106 | 4 | Env. | ||||
Laboratory | 0.37 ppm | 0.5; 5 | OD600 = 1.75–2.0 | 1.07; 1.4 | ATCC27853 | Zhang et al. (2015) | ||
Biofilm | Not reported | |||||||
Thermal shock | Suspended | Hospital | 70°C | 30 | Not applicable | Env. strains; contamination at the tap eliminated after thermal shock treatments | Van der Mee‐Marquet et al. (2005) | |
Hospital | 75°C | 60 | Bukholm et al. (2002) | |||||
Biofilm | Laboratory | 65°C | 2 | 108 cfu/cm2 | 5 | PAO1 | Park et al. (2011) | |
Laboratory | 85°C | 1 | 4 × 104 cfu/cm2 | 2–3 | ATCC9027 | Kisko and Szabo‐Szabo (2011) |
Env., Environmental isolate.