Table 1.
General characteristics, neuroimaging and electroclinical findings of 80 patients operated on for epileptic spasms
| N˚Pts | 80 |
| Sex | 43M/37F |
| Age at seizure onset | 1.3 ± 2 years |
| Age at surgery | 5.8 ± 4 years |
| Epilepsy duration | 4.5 ± 3 years |
| Type of first seizure | 46 Spasms |
| 34 Focal sz | |
| Spasm semiology | 19 Asymmetric |
| 39 Symmetric | |
| 22 Asymmetric + symmetric | |
| Seizure frequency | 76 Daily |
| 4 Weekly | |
| Preoperative cognitive level | 23 Borderline or mild ID |
| 22 Moderate ID | |
| 18 Severe ID | |
| 17 Normal ID | |
| Preoperative neurological deficits | 21 Hemiparesis |
| 3 Visual field defect | |
| Brain MRI | 77 Abnormal (69 unilateral abnormality) |
| 3 Normal | |
| Interictal EEG (scalp) | 24 Diffuse or multifocal |
| 56 Focal | |
| Ictal EEG (scalp) | 45 Diffuse or multifocal |
| 25 Focal predominance | |
| Invasive EEG recordings | 22 SEEG |
| 2 Grids + Depth electrodes | |
| SOZ | |
| Topography | 56 Unilobar |
| 24 Multilobar/hemispheric | |
| SOZ vs. MRI visible lesion | 41 SOZ overlapped with lesion |
| 28 SOZ extending beyond lesion | |
| 8 SOZ within lesion | |
F, female; ID, intellectual disability; IQ, cognitive level scores; L, left; M, male; Pts, patients; R, right; SEEG, stereoelectroencephalography; SOZ, seizure onset zone; Sz, seizure; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.