Table 2.

Surgical strategy, postsurgical complications, seizure outcome and histopathology in 80 patients surgically treated for epileptic spasms

N˚Pts	80
Type of resection	28 lesionectomy + corticectomy
	15 lesionectomy
	15 lobectomy
	11 corticectomy
	6 lobar disconnection
	4 hemispherotomy
	1 hemispherectomy
Post‐Surgical Complications	4 subgaleal fluid collection
	4 hydrocephalus
	2 pneumonia
	2 anaemia
	1 local infection
	1 sinking of the parietal bone flap
	1 subdural hematoma
Post‐surgical deficits	13 visual field defect
	10 transient hemiparesis
	4 transient worsening of preexisting motor deficit
	2 facial motor deficit
Completeness of resection	46 complete resection of the MRI visible lesion
	46 complete resection of the SOZ
	33 complete resection of the MRI visible lesion and the SOZ
Histopathology	37 FCD (18 FCD I 10 FCD IIa, 9 FCD IIb)
	12 tumors (10 glioneuronal tumors, 1 oligoastrocytoma, 1 pylocitic astrocytoma)
	10 reactive gliosis in patients with suspected FCD on MRI
	9 (postischemic, post‐traumatic or postencephalitis) scars
	8 tubers
	2 HMG
	1 PMG
	1 NA
Postoperative FU	Mean duration: 5.7 ± 4.2 years
	1 years: 80 pts
	2 years: 70 pts
	5 years: 52 pts
	>5 years: 31 pts
Seizure Outcome (Engel class)	45 IA
	3 IC
	1 ID
	5 II
	9 III
	15 IV
	29 postsurgery AED withdrawal

AED, antiepileptic drugs; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; FU, follow‐up; HMG, hemimegalencephaly; NA, not available; PMG, polymicrogyria; Pts, patients, SOZ, seizure onset zone; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.