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. 2016 Nov 7;27(22):3574–3582. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E16-06-0414

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© 2016 Guillou et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 3: — T-lymphocyte membrane ruptures at a well-defined entry length L* during micropipette aspiration. (A–C) Example of membrane rupture triggered using micropipette aspiration for (A) a resting T-lymphocyte, (B) a Jurkat cell, and (C) a lymphoblast. Scale bar, 10 μm. The time is indicated in the top right-hand corner, with t = 0 s chosen as the time at which the aspiration pressure goes from −20 Pa to ΔP. A background of bright-field light is kept to visualize the cell throughout the experiment. On membrane rupture, propidium iodide enters the cell and binds to DNA, emitting a bright fluorescent signal (red arrows). (D) Plot of the entry length at rupture, L*, vs. micropipette diameter, D_p, for three cell types: resting T-lymphocytes (14 cells), Jurkat cells (27 cells), and lymphoblasts (14 cells). Bars represent SD.