Table 1.
Facility-level distribution of resident baseline characteristics for full cohort of NHs and stratified by relative ED transfer rate (71,780 residents at baseline)
| All NHs in cohort N = 604 | “High” transfer NHs n = 115 | “Intermediate” transfer NHs n = 359 | “Low” transfer NHs n = 130 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facility average age, mean (SD)* | 84.8 (1.7) | 84.2 (1.9) | 84.8 (1.6) | 85.1 (1.5) |
| Age groups, mean proportion (SD)§ | ||||
| 65-74 years | 10.6% (5.5%) | 12.1% (6.3%) | 10.3% (5.4%) | 9.8% (4.7%) |
| 75-84 years | 34.1% (6.5%) | 35.7% (6.4%) | 34.1% (6.5%) | 32.7% (6.1%) |
| 85-94 years | 46.2% (8.0%) | 43.7% (8.4%) | 46.4% (8.0%) | 48.0% (7.2%) |
| 95+ years | 9.1% (4.0%) | 8.4% (3.9%) | 9.2% (3.8%) | 9.5% (4.3%) |
| Women, mean proportion (SD) | 71.9% (7.9%) | 70.3% (7.6%) | 71.9% (8.1%) | 73.3% (7.4%) |
| Length of stay, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| <30 days | 9.7% (6.2%) | 10.5% (9.4%) | 9.4% (5.2%) | 9.9% (5.3%) |
| 30-89 days | 1.6% (2.0%) | 1.6% (1.9%) | 1.6% (2.2%) | 1.4% (1.9%) |
| 90-364 days | 23.4% (6.7%) | 22.8% (7.0%) | 24.0% (7.0%) | 22.3% (5.5%) |
| 365 days or more | 65.3% (9.4%) | 65.1% (9.8%) | 65.0% (9.6%) | 66.4% (8.1%) |
| Cognitive performance scale score groups, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| 0-2 (none to minimal) | 42.0% (10.9%) | 44.8% (11.0%) | 41.4% (10.6%) | 41.1% (11.3%) |
| 3-4 (moderate) | 34.3% (9.3%) | 32.0% (8.5%) | 34.6% (9.3%) | 35.6% (9.5%) |
| 5-6 (severe) | 23.7% (9.3%) | 23.2% (8.9%) | 24.0% (9.5%) | 23.3% (9.0%) |
| Facility average cognitive performance scale score, mean (SD) | 2.8 (0.4) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.4) |
| Activities of daily living short-form scale groups, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| 0-1 (minimal) | 14.7% (7.7%) | 16.0% (8.0%) | 14.7% (7.8%) | 13.4% (7.0%) |
| 2-3 (moderate) | 37.6% (8.8%) | 37.1% (8.1%) | 37.5% (8.7%) | 38.2% (9.5%) |
| 4-5 (dependent) | 47.8% (10.3%) | 46.9% (10.5%) | 47.8% (10.3%) | 48.5% (10.4%) |
| Facility average ADL short-form scale mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.5 (0.4) | 3.5 (0.4) |
| Problem behaviours, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| Inappropriate | 18.4% (10.1%) | 15.8% (8.6%) | 18.1% (9.4%) | 21.5% (12.2%) |
| Verbally abusive | 19.3% (7.9%) | 18.8% (7.9%) | 19.2% (7.9%) | 19.8% (7.8%) |
| Physically abusive | 12.1% (5.7%) | 10.9% (4.7%) | 12.2% (6.1%) | 13.0% (5.6%) |
| Wandering | 17.2% (7.2%) | 15.9% (6.8%) | 17.3% (7.2%) | 18.2% (7.4%) |
| Resists care | 36.2% (14.0%) | 33.4% (12.3%) | 36.1% (14.1%) | 38.8% (14.6%) |
| CHESS scale score, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| 0 | 46.9% (14.7%) | 50.9% (14.0%) | 46.9% (14.4%) | 43.3% (15.2%) |
| 1 | 31.7% (7.8%) | 31.0% (7.6%) | 31.6% (7.8%) | 32.5% (7.9%) |
| 2 | 14.8% (7.4%) | 12.9% (6.1%) | 14.9% (7.4%) | 16.1% (8.2%) |
| 3 | 4.5% (3.7%) | 3.6% (2.8%) | 4.5% (3.5%) | 5.5% (4.5%) |
| 4 | 1.7% (1.8%) | 1.4% (1.5%) | 1.6% (1.6%) | 2.1% (2.3%) |
| 5 | 0.4% (0.9%) | 0.2% (0.5%) | 0.4% (0.9%) | 0.5% (1.1%) |
| Facility average CHESS score, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.4) |
| Major diagnoses - mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 24.7% (6.2%) | 26.4% (6.8%) | 24.9% (6.1%) | 22.7% (5.5%) |
| Arteriosclerotic heart disease | 12.9% (10.5%) | 11.9% (10.4%) | 12.9% (10.8%) | 13.6% (10.0%) |
| Cardiac dysrhythmia | 7.0% (5.7%) | 6.0% (4.8%) | 7.2% (6.0%) | 7.4% (5.6%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12.5% (5.2%) | 11.8% (4.7%) | 12.5% (5.1%) | 13.2% (5.8%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5.3% (3.9%) | 5.5% (3.8%) | 5.2% (3.7%) | 5.4% (4.7%) |
| Arthritis | 39.3% (12.8%) | 35.7% (12.3%) | 39.2% (12.1%) | 42.9% (14.1%) |
| Osteoporosis | 25.7% (10.3%) | 24.4% (8.1%) | 25.3% (9.8%) | 28.1% (12.6%) |
| Alzheimer's disease | 18.6% (9.1%) | 17.0% (8.6%) | 18.8% (9.2%) | 19.7% (8.9%) |
| Dementia (other than Alzheimer's) | 44.1% (11.2%) | 44.3% (11.8%) | 44.2% (11.2%) | 43.6% (11.0%) |
| Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) | 21.5% (6.5%) | 21.8% (6.7%) | 21.5% (6.5%) | 21.2% (6.7%) |
| Parkinson disease | 6.9% (3.0%) | 6.5% (3.0%) | 7.0% (3.1%) | 7.1% (3.0%) |
| Anxiety disorder | 7.8% (5.3%) | 7.1% (5.3%) | 7.7% (5.5%) | 8.6% (4.7%) |
| Depression | 28.5% (11.1%) | 25.7% (9.6%) | 28.2% (10.9%) | 31.6% (12.3%) |
| Emphysema/Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 14.8% (6.5%) | 14.4% (6.3%) | 14.8% (6.6%) | 15.1% (6.4%) |
| Cancer | 8.5% (4.9%) | 8.3% (4.7%) | 8.6% (5.0%) | 8.5% (5.1%) |
| Renal failure | 8.1% (6.2%) | 8.1% (6.4%) | 8.1% (6.2%) | 7.9% (5.9%) |
| Accidents, mean proportion (SD) | ||||
| Fell in past 30 days | 13.2% (4.9%) | 12.6% (5.1%) | 13.4% (4.8%) | 13.3% (4.9%) |
| Fell in past 180 days | 25.3% (8.9%) | 24.0% (9.0%) | 25.3% (8.8%) | 26.3% (9.0%) |
| Fracture in past 180 days (hip or other) | 2.8% (2.0%) | 2.5% (1.9%) | 2.9% (2.1%) | 2.6% (2.0%) |
CHESS = Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs and Symptoms Scale; ED = emergency department; NH = nursing home; SD = standard deviation.
*
Average means across all facilities in the category.
§
Average proportion across all facilities in the category.