Table 1.

Baseline demographic data and operation of patients

Item	Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (N=32)
Age ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, years)	48.7±8.6
Sex (%)
Male	18 (56.25)
Female	14 (43.75)
Surgical segment (%)
L3/4	5 (15.62)
L4/5	19 (59.38)
L5/S1	8 (25.00)
Preoperative course of disease ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, months)	10.2±6.1
Complication (case)a	9
Intraoperative blood loss volume ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, mL)	80.5±15.0
Duration of operation ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, minutes)	124.5±23.5
Times of intraoperative fluoroscopy ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, time)	22.0±6.0
Length of stay ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, days)	3.2±1.0
Surgical expenses ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, ¥10,000)	2.5±0.4
Postoperative follow-up time ( $\overline{x}\pm s$, months)	24.0±0.0
Postoperative revision (case)	0
Postoperative complication (case)b	2

Notes:

^aThe complications include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, bronchitis, pulmonary infection, gastric ulcer, hyperthyroidism, and obsolete cerebral infarction.

^bThe two cases of complications are intraoperative dural laceration and postoperative paresthesia.