Table 5.

Results of 10-fold cross-validation for different named-entity recognition methods.

Method	Concept	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	F1 score (%)	TP	FP	TN
Dictionary-based	Anatomy	77.7	53.2	63.1	2345	672	2066
	Modifier	63.3	46.6	53.7	2349	1363	2687
	Observation	72.7	49.0	58.5	1697	639	1769
	Uncertainty	90.1	38.9	54.3	566	62	889
	Total	71.8	48.4	57.8	6957	2736	7411
CMM	Anatomy	90.5	92.6	91.5	4084	429	327
	Anatomy modifier	80.2	74.2	77.1	1363	336	474
	Observation	89.4	84.9	87.1	2941	350	525
	Observation modifier	81.4	79.5	80.4	2543	581	656
	Uncertainty	91.1	78.5	84.3	1142	111	313
	Total	87.0	84.0	85.5	12,073	1807	2295
CRF	Anatomy	90.6	92.6	91.6	4085	425	326
	Anatomy modifier	80.8	74.4	77.5	1366	324	471
	Observation	89.4	84.1	86.7	2915	344	551
	Observation modifier	81.2	79.5	80.3	2542	587	657
	Uncertainty	90.7	76.0	82.7	1105	114	350
	Total	87.0	83.6	85.3	12,013	1794	2355