Table 1. Study Population Characteristics at 15 ±1 Weeks’ and Pregnancy Outcome in the Total SGA Cohort (N = 5606).
| Non-SGA | All-SGA | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 4973 | N = 633 | ||
| Maternal Characteristics | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.54 | ||
| • Caucasian | 4481 (90) | 564 (89) | |
| • Maori or Pacific Islander* | 100 (2) | 13 (2) | |
| • Indian | 115 (2) | 19 (3) | |
| • Asian | 152 (3) | 16 (3) | |
| • Other† | 125 (3) | 21 (3) | |
| Primigravid | 3853 (78) | 466 (74) | 0.03 |
| Single | 458 (9) | 79 (13) | 0.009 |
| No paid employment | 708 (14) | 118 (19) | 0.003 |
| <12 years education | 1858 (37) | 258 (41) | 0.10 |
| Smoking status at 15 wks | <0.0001 | ||
| • Non smoker | 3821 (77) | 428 (68) | |
| • Ceased smoking before15wks | 669 (13) | 84 (13) | |
| • Current smoker | 483 (10) | 121 (19) | |
| BMI category | 0.002 | ||
| • <20.0 | 352 (7) | 50 (8) | |
| • 20.0–24.9 | 2518 (51) | 276 (44) | |
| • 25.0–29.9 | 1386 (28) | 186 (29) | |
| • ≥30 | 717 (14) | 121 (19) | |
| Maternal Characteristics | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 (4.8) | 25.9 (5.5) | 0.004 |
| Maternal age (y) | 28.7 (5.5) | 28.6 (5.8) | .67 |
| Socio-economic index | 42 (17) | 40 (16) | .006 |
| Maternal birthweight (g) | 3157 (908) | 2960 (946) | <.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 107 (10) | 108 (11) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 65 (8) | 66 (9) | .0002 |
| Pregnancy Outcome | |||
| Birthweight (g) | 3504 (505) | 2609 (578) | <.0001 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wks) | 39.8 (1.9) | 38.8 (3.5) | <.0001 |
| Total preterm births (<37wks) | 257 (5) | 94 (15) ‡ | <.0001 |
| Admitted to neonatal unit | 504 (10) | 143 (23) | <.0001 |
| Perinatal deaths§ | 16 (0.3) | 12 (2) | <.0001 |
| Hypertensive Pregnancy¶ | 592 (12) | 168 (27) | <.0001 |
Results expressed as N (%) or mean (SD) as appropriate;
* includes 71 Maori and 42 Pacific Islanders;
† includes 23 Australian Aborigines.
‡ 41 (8.8%) of Normotensive-SGA and 53 (31.5%) of Hypertensive-SGA
§ Rate/1000 births
¶ Hypertensive pregnancy defined as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension or mild chronic hypertension