Table 2. Univariable Analysis and AUC of Individual Biomarkers Measured at 15 ± 1 Weeks’ Gestation Comparing SGA Groups with Respective Controls.

Biomarker	Controls	SGA Group	p-value*	q-value†	Univariable AUC (95% CI)	Reduced
						Multivariable Model
						p-value
ALL-SGA
Cystatin C, mg/mL	1873 (1501–2343)	1888 (1500–2461)	.01	.08	0.52 (0.49–0.55)
MIF, ng/mL	9.2 (8.0–11.6)	9.0 (7.7–10.9)	.002	.02	0.54 (0.51–0.57)
PAI-2‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.95 (0.7–1.2)	.003	.02	0.55 (0.52–0.58)
PAPP-A‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	0.8 (0.5–1.5)	<.001	.002	0.58 (0.55–0.61)	0.004
PlGF‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.95 (0.5–1.7)	.009	.06	0.54 (0.51–0.57)
VEGFR1, ng/mL	0.34 (0.21–0.54)	0.28 (0.18–0.45)	<.001	.002	0.58 (0.55–0.61)	0.021
Insulin, ng/mL	16.5 (9.7–27.7)	15.1 (8.7–25.5)	.009	.06	0.53 (0.50–0.56)
Triglycerides‡, mg/dL	0.99 (0.8–1.2)	1.02 (0.8–1.3)	<.001	.002	0.52 (0.49–0.55)
						AUC = 0.59 (0.56–0.62)
NORMOTENSIVE-SGA
Caspase 3, ng/mL	2.4 (1.4–4.2)	2.0 (1.2–3.4)	.001	.023	0.56 (0.53–0.59)	0.045
MIF, ng/mL	9.2 (7.9–11.6)	9.0 (7-7-10.9)	.004	.06	0.54 (50.0–0.57)
PAPP-A‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	0.8 (0.5–1.6)	.0001	.003	0.57 (0.53–0.60)	0.032
VEGFR1, ng/mL	0.27 (0.18–0.54)	0.34 (0.21–0.42)	<.0001	.003	0.59 (0.55–0.62)	0.008
						AUC = 0.60 (0.57–0.63)
HYPERTENSIVE-SGA
PAPP-A‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	0.7 (0.4–1.5)	.001	.006	0.59 (0.53–0.65)	0.025
PlGF‡, ng/mL	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.7 (0.3–1.3)	<.0001	.002	0.60 (0.54–0.66)	0.001
Triglycerides‡, mg/dL	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	1.1 (0.9–1.5)	<.0001	.002	0.61 (0.55–0.67)	0.0001
						AUC = 0.66 (0.60–0.71)

AUC, area under the receiver operating curve; CI, confidence interval; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; PAI-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 2; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A; PlGF, placental growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor;

Biomarker concentrations are shown as median (interquartile range);

* Based on Analysis of Log Transformed Data

^† Based on False Discovery Rate

^‡ Based on MoM Data