Table 6.
Biopsy or cytology positive for adenocarcinoma |
Malignant appearing stricture with cytology suspicious for adenocarcinoma |
PLUS |
fluorescent in situ hybridization positive for polysomy |
Mass lesion on cross sectional imaging studies |
Malignant biliary stricture with CA 19-9 >100 U/mL in the absence of bacterial cholangitis |
CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9.