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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 9.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Enzymol. 2015 Aug 29;564:349–387. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.026

Figure 11. Detergent and lipid environments and the consequence on the DEER signal background.

Figure 11

Solvation of membrane protein in (A) detergent micelles, (B) liposomes and (C) Nanodiscs. Liposome reconstitution often introduces more than one protein copy per liposome. As a result, the higher effective spin concentration increases the contribution of the background decay in the DEER signal relative to proteomicelles and nanodiscs (D).